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6.3 and 6.6 Bio
Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of biological inheritance patterns and variation | Genetics |
| Australian monk who studied math and science, assigned to the garden | Gregor Mendel 1860s |
| What did Gregor Mendel notice about pea plants | They have contrasting traits, some always expressed some not |
| What did Gregor breed thousands of? | plants and recorded his results |
| Gregor discovered the fundamental principles of... | genetics by breeding garden peas |
| Gregor recognized what about traits | Inherited as units from the parent generation and the organism inherits 2 copies of each units (genes) |
| Likelihood that a specific event will occur expressed as a decimal, % or fraction, ratio | Probability |
| Probability = ? | # of times and event is expected/ # of times and event could happen |
| The results predicted are more likely to occur when there are... | Many trails |
| What are the 3 key choices in Mendel's Experimental design | 1- Control over breeding (Pollination) 2- Use of purebred (both genes for a trait are the same) 3- Traits that appear in only 2 alternative forms ( T-tall t-short) |
| Why did mendel choose pea plants for his experiments | 1- Reproduce quickly 2- Could control how they mate 3- Both sex organs of Male and Female are in all flowers |
| You have pollen from one flower going to another flower | Cross pollination |
| Pollen stay in same flower | Self pollination |
| P1 First Generation | Parents- Gen. you started watching/ getting data from |
| F1 First Filial | Offspring of P1- Second |
| F2 2nd Filial (F3) | Offspring of F1- Third |
| One form (allele) of a trait will be expressed or is dominant over the other form (allele- recessive) when both forms are present | Law of dominance |
| What is the pattern ratio is | 3:1 |
| Each organism has 2 factors (Rule of Unit Characters): that control each of its traits. These factors separate during formation of gametes | Law of Segregation |
| (factors)(genes) for different traits (seed shape and seed color) are inherited independently of each other (separate Chromosomes) | Law of independent Assortment |
| -Outward appearance -Physical characteristics | Phenotype |
| How many organisms look like the dominant trait (1st #) compared to those that look like the recessive trait (2nd #) | Phenotype Ratio |
| - Arrangement of genes that produces the phenotype | Genotype |
| The # of organisms that have a Homologous dominant genotype: Heterozygous Genotype: Recessive genotype | Ratio |
| Used to show the possible combination of gametes | Punnett square |
| A breeding Experiment that tracks the inheritance of a single trait | Monohybrid |
| A. Pairs of genes separate during gamete formation (meiosis) B. The fusion of gametes at fertilization pairs genes once again | Mendel's "principle of segregation" |
| What are the solving steps for solving genetic problems? | 1- determine genotypes for parents 2- Set up Punnett Square 3- Do cross 4- Analyze (Ratios, Answer Questions) |
| A breeding experiment that tracks the inheritance of 2 traits- Height, pod color | Dihybrid |
| 1- Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis 2- Mixing of alleles as gametes join during fertilization | Genetic Variation |
| Creates unique combinations of genes which results in organisms with unique phenotypes | Sexual reproduction |
| Helps create even greater variations, exchange of chromosomes segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis | Crossing Over |
Created by:
astei
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