Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
speciation
ap bio unit 6 part 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hybrids are possible between closely related species but they will be ________ | sterile |
| when two or more closely related species are sympatric, differences in their courtship displays often play an important role in preventing hybridization between them | true |
| character displacement is ______ likely to be observed in two related bird species from different islands than in two such species from the same island | less |
| two subspecies of the same species cannot be sympatric for long without fusing | true |
| speciation by polyploidy is much more common in | plants |
| the catastrophic effects of severe environmental crises may be an important force leading to speciation in certain populations | true |
| the hypothesis of _________ ____________ states that most evolution is marked by long periods of stasis followed by short bursts of rapid change | punctuated equilibrium |
| the wings of birds and the wings of butterflies are examples of convergently evolved structures | true |
| the modern system of scientific naming of plants and animals dates from the work of the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus | true |
| species | a geographic group that shares a gene pool; reproductively isolated |
| subspecies | groups within a species that have differing genes and are partly isolated because they have different ranges |
| deme | any small local population of a species |
| cline | gradual variation in the character of a species correlated with geography |
| genetic drift | evolutionary change that is caused by chance |
| founder effect | a type of genetic drift; occurs when a new population is formed by a small number of individuals whose allelic frequencies differ from those of the parental population |
| allopatric speciation | requires geographic isolation |
| sympatric speciation | does not require geographic isolation but relies on some other mechanism such as polyploidy or some intrinsic isolating mechanism to achieve reproductive isolation for speciation |
| extrinsic isolating mechanism | physical or geographic barrier that divides a population and prevents interbreeding between the two segments |
| intrinsic isolating mechanism | any biological characteristic that prevents two populations from interbreeding effectively |
| sympatric | occupying the same range |
| allopatric | occupying different ranges |
| autopolyploidy | involves a sudden multiplication of the number of chromosomes in a single species (nondisjunction of all chromosomes) |
| allopolyploidy | a multiplication of the number of chromosomes in a hybrid between two species (during meiosis genetic material replicated and divides but cytokinesis does NOT occur) |
| homologous | when characters in different organisms are similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor |
| analogous | when characters in different organisms are similar in function but of different evolutionary origin |
| convergence | when organisms that are not closely related become more similar because of independent adaptations to similar environmental situations |
| divergence | when organisms become more dissimilar over time |
| phenetics | a system of classifying organisms which eights all characteristics equally |
| cladistics | a system of classifying organisms which focuses on chared derived characters |
| from north to south the size of birds decreases gradually. this is an ex of a _____ | cline |
| isolating mechanisms associating with initiating the process of divergent speciation | geographic isolation |
| to see if two populations belong to the same or different species, you could | show that the ranges of the two mice overlap without hybridization occurring |
| diploid # of 8 + diploid #10 = | gamete number of 9 |
| new plant species may arise in one generation as a result of ____ | polyploidy |
| evolution may go into a relatively fast period but NOT because of | a large population |
| genetic drift | change in allele frequencies due to a small population |
| geographic isolation | separated by a physical barrier |
| character displacement | two closely related species overlap niches and evolve to not compete so they can survive |
| adaptive radiation | a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches |
| natural catastrophes that cause major changes in allelic frequencies in a population are referred to as ______ ____________ | evolutionary bottleneck |
| punctuated equilibrium | species tend to be static for long periods and then sudden "speciation events" occur |
| animals in different places can look similar because | of similar natural selection pressures |
| convergent evolution between two species would most likely to occur because of | exposure of both species to similar selection pressures |
| a taxon that includes the common ancestor of a group of organisms and all its descendants is | homophyletic |
| hierarchical sequence of taxonomic groups | class--order--family---genus |
| scientific name of the human species is | Homo sapiens (italicized or underlined) |
| niche rule | no two species occupying the same niche can coextist for long before one goes extinct or character displacement results |
| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a group of related species |
| classical taxonomy | a subjective comparison of as many independent characters of the species as possible |
| molecular taxonomy | more accurate; objective comparison of amino acid sequences that the species in question share |
| classification of heirarchy | domain--kingdom--phylum--class--order--family--genus--species |
| convergent evolution | when organisms not closely related evolve to become, at least superficially, more similar in one or more characteristics; similar environmental selection pressures) |
Created by:
tpolinsky24
Popular Biology sets