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AP ch 27-31
blood heart and circulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| structures of the circulatory system | heart, arteries, veins and blood |
| The purpose of blood | carries oxygen, regulates ph and body temperature, prevents infection |
| what factors determine someone blood volume | gender, age, weight, body composition, and methods of measurement used |
| how do you determine Hct | Hct of 45% means 45ml abcs and 55ml of plasma per 100 ml |
| normal hct | Female: 45%-54% male- 38%-47% |
| Eruthrocytes facts | RBCs, have no uncles, stain pink, transport O2 and CO2, live 105-120 days |
| normal adult RBCs count in million/cubic mm | 5,000,000 |
| Hemoglobin | carries oxygen and Carbon dioxide, contains iron, 1 molecules of hemoglobin binds to 4 O2 molecules, breaks down:m iron, pigment bilirubin, amino |
| neutrophil | 12-15 um, spherical shape, multilobed necleus connected, pink and purple stains, Cellular defense, phagocytosis of small pathogenic microorganisms |
| Basophil | 11-14 UM, two lobed nucleus, large purple stain, secretes heparin |
| eosinophil | 10-12 mumm tow lobed nucleus , orange-red, cellular defense, some phagocytosis, chemical attack of large pathogenic microorganisms, allergic reactions |
| lymphocyte | 6-9 um road nucleus, have scant cytoplasm, humoral defense , secretes antibodies ,involved in immune system response and regulation |
| monocyte | 12-17 nucleus kidneys bean shaped, cytoplasm steal blue, eats bacteria cellular debris and cancerous cells |
| platelets | 2-5 um releases clot |
| where is RBCs formed | red bone marrow |
| erythropoietin | a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of RBCS is response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues |
| hemoglobin break down | when RBCs die hemoglobin is broken up; iron is salvaged, transported to the bone marrow by proteins called transferring and used again in the product of new RBCs |
| Rh factor | is an inherited protein found don the surface of the red blood cells. if you are Rh positive you have positive blood type |
| Rh In pregnancy | If a mother is rh-negative and her baby is rh-positive her immune system with treat the fetal cells as foreign substances. This could cause the antibodies to crux back through the placenta into the developing baby, destroying the baby's circulating RBCs |
| Blood clotting stages | 1. constriction of the blood vessels 2. formation of a temporary "platelet plug" 3. activation of the coagulation cascade 4. formation of the final clot |
| what role does calcium play in blood clotting | calcium activates platelets |
| Layers of the heart | epicardium(outer layer that contains blood vessels) , myocardium ( middle layer conracts the heart), and endocardium( inner layer composed of valves) |
| pericardial fluid | lubricates the two membranes with every heartbeat of the heart as their surfaces glide over each other |
| Tricuspid Valve | beween the right atrium and right ventricle |
| Pulmonary valve | between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| mitral Valve | between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| Aortic Valve | between the left ventricle and aorta |
| What is the order of impulse conduction in the heart | The SA node starts the sequence causing the atrial muscle to contract. Signals travel to the AV node through bundles of his down the bundles of branch and through the purkinjie fibers, causing the ventricles to contract |
| Major artery and veins | The aorta and pulmonary trunk (arteries) send blood out of your heart. The pulmonary veins, superior vena cava and inferiors been Ava (veins) carry blood into your heart |
| Trachycardia | a heart rat over 100 beats a minute |
| Bradycardia | a heart rat below 60 beats a minute |
| The order of blood flow through the vessels | Arteries to capillaries to veins |
| cardiace output | the quantity of blood pumped bu the heart in a given period of time, typically measured in liters per minute |
| Fick formula | Calculates cardiac out put: CO= VO2/Ca-CV |
| Stralings law | the force or tension developed in a muscle fiber depend on the extent to which the fiber is stretched |
| Types of shock | Cariogenic shock(due to heat problems) hypovolemic shock (caused by too little blood volume) anaphylactic shock (causes by allergic reaction) septic shock(dues to infection) neurogenic shock (caused by damaged to the nervous system) |
Created by:
roastytoasty
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