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Anatomy 8
integumentary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| integumentary system | skin and its accessories: hair, nails, glands, blood vessels, muscles, nerves |
| dermatology | diagnose treatments and disorders in integumentary system |
| skin | cutaneous membrane, covers body and larges organ -2 layers, epidermis and dermis |
| epidermis | outer thin layer of epithelial tissue, keratinized stratified squamous, 4 major cell types |
| dermis | inner thicker layer of connective tissue |
| subcutaneous or hypodermis | beneath dermis, not part of the skin, connective tissue |
| epidermis cell types | keratocytes (keratin), melanocytes (melanin), Langerhans (from bone marrow and immunity), merkel (touch, linked to neuron) cells |
| keratinocytes | 90% of cells in epidermis, produces keratin |
| melanocytes | 8% of epidermis, produces melanin pigment |
| Langerhans | from bone marrow, immunity |
| merkel | deepest layer |
| stratum basal/germinativum | deepest layer, where epidermis is formed (cell division), connected by hemidesmosomes to connective tissue |
| stratum spinosum | 8-10 layers of keratinocytes, desmosomes |
| stratum granulosum | keratinocytes with granules |
| stratum lucidum | represents thick layers of skin (palm of hand, bottom of heels) |
| stratum corneum | composed of flat sublayers, dead keratinocytes that shed |
| keratinization | accumulation of more and more protective keratin, cells move from deep to surface |
| dandruff | |
| psoriasis | 7-10 day skin turn over instead of 4 weeks, flaky skin |
| dermis | contains papillary and reticular region |
| papillary region | top 20% or less, has areolar conn. tissue, all fibers -detects touch and cold, anchors epidermis to dermis |
| reticular region | 80% under papillary, has dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers, detects warm |
| striae/stretch marks | in reticular region, most likely to get stretch marks |
| dermal papillae | finger like projections in papillary region |
| Meissner corpuscle | detects touch, papillary |
| nociceptor | detects pain, everywhere |
| ruffins corpuscles | detects touch, reticular |
| sebaceous gland | attaches to hair follical, marks where the reticular region starts |
| Pacinian corpuscles | |
| hair root plexus | most sensitive receptor, can activate it without even touching the skin |
| lines of cleavage | tension lines of skin, indicate predominant direction of fibers |
| epidermal ridges | reflect contours of underlying dermal papillae to form finger prints |
| nevus | mole, overgrowth of melanocytes |
| vitiligo | loss of melanocytes from patches of skin |
| carotene | yellow-orange pigment |
| hemoglobin | red color |
| subcutaneous/ hypodermis layer | layer of fat |
| hair/pili | protection, reduce loss of head, sensing light touch -dead, made of keratin |
| hair shaft | everything you see |
| arrector pili | smooth muscle in dermis, contracts with cold or fear = goosebumps |
| function of hair? | prevent heat loss, decrease sunburn, sense light touch, protect eyes |
| blonde or red hair | melanin with iron and sulfur |
| sebaceous (oil) glands | has hair, produces sebum (inhibits growth of bacteria) |
| sudoriferous (sweat) gland | c |
| acne | bacterial inflammation of sebaceous glands |
| eccrine sweat gland | (sudoriferous), no hair, found everywhere |
| apocrine sweat gland | (sudoriferous), connected to hair, found in axillary and pubic region |
| ceruminous (wax) gland | makes wax, bug repellant from ear, creates barrier |
| nails | tight keratinized cells, body is pink bc capillaries, lunula is white bc thick root, |
| cuticle | eponychium / stratum cornea |
| hyponychium | secures nail to skin at tip |
| thin skin | covers most of body 4 layers |
| thick skin | covers palms and feet 5 layers |
| function of skin? | reg temp, protection, cutaneous sensation, excretion and absorption |
| thermoregulation | blood/heat sent to surface, leads to sweat to cool down |
| excretion absorption | lose water and salt from skin |
| transdermal drug administration | lets skin absorb drug through patch |
| basal cell carcinoma | rarely metastasizes |
| squamous cell carcinoma | may metastasize |
| malignant melanomas | metastasizes rapidly, most common in young women |
Created by:
bellai
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