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8U4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| tissue | A group of similar cells that perform the same function. |
| Organs | Groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| epithelial tissue | A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out |
| nervous tissue | A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body. |
| muscle tissue | Tissue made of cells capable of contracting to produce movement |
| connective tissue | provides support for your body and connects all its parts |
| integumentary system | consists of skin, hair, and nails |
| Epidermis | outermost layer of skin |
| Dermis | middle layer of skin |
| hypodermis | the innermost layer of skin that insulates the body, acts as a protective padding, and stores energy |
| Muscular System | allows movement of the body and internal organs |
| voluntary muscle | muscle that can be consciously controlled |
| involuntary muscle | muscle that is not under conscious control |
| skeletal muscles | attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible |
| tendons | Connect muscle to bone |
| smooth muscles | involuntary muscles that work in internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart |
| Cartilage | strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone |
| bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| Periosteum | A dense outer membrane covering the surface of bones |
| compact bone | dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum |
| spongy bone | Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone. |
| bone marrow | A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells |
| joints | where two bones meet |
| ligaments | Connect bone to bone |
| pivot joint | rotating bone turns around an axis |
| gliding joint | allows one bone to slide over another |
| hinge joint | hinges at a central point and permits motion in only one plane |
| ball-and-socket joint | a joint where the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression or on another bone so it can rotate in a circle |
| only in the heart | Where is cardiac muscle found? |
| voluntary | What kind of muscle do you have control over? |
| phosphorus and calcium | minerals that make bones hard |
| attached to bones | Where is skeletal muscles found? |
| internal organs | Where is smooth muscle found? |
| immune system | the cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body |
| pathogen | a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease |
| Macrophage | an immune system cell that engulfs pathogens and other materials |
| T cells | an immune system cell that coordinates the immune system and attacks many infected cells |
| B cells | a white blood cell that makes antibodies |
| antibody | a protein made by B cells that binds to a specific antigen |
| Antigen | a substance that stimulate an immune response |
| lymphatic system | a collection of organs whose primary function is to collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood |
| Cancer | tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive |
| respiratory system | A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. |
| Respiration | The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; includes breathing and cellular respiration. |
| cellular respiration | a chemical reaction where sugar is oxidized to make energy plus CO2 and H2O |
| Diaphragm | Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing |
| Pharynx | The passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus |
| Epiglottis | A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering. |
| larynx | the area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds |
| trachea | the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs |
| Cilia | thin hairs that line the body's cavities |
| Bronchi | two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea |
| Bronchioles | smallest branches of the bronchi that connect to the alveoli |
| alveoli | Any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged |
| circulatory system | a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body |
| artery | A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body's organs |
| capillary | A tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in other tissue |
| vein | A vessel that carries blood to the heart |
| A left atrium, a right atrium, a left ventricle, and a right ventricle | What are the 4 chambers of the heart? |
| Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets | What are the 4 main components of blood? |
| false | True or false |
| digestive system | the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body |
| mechanical digestion | involves physically breaking the food into smaller pieces |
| chemical digestion | involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells |
| excretory system | the system that removes waste from your body and controls water balance |
| urinary system | the organs that produce, store, and eliminate urine |
| chyme | A pulpy mixture of food and acid |
| Carbohydrates | What does your body burn for quick energy? |
| small | Most nutrients are absorbed in the ________ intestine. |
| Ureter | What connect the kidney and the bladder? |
| proteins | What does our body use to rebuild and grow cells? |
| Peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
| nephron | the unit in the kidney that filters blood |
| large | Water is absorbed in your ______ intestine. |
| bladder | where is urine stored? |
| central nervous system | made up of the brain and spinal cord |
| perpheral nervous system | all of the parts of the nervous system except for the brain and the spinal cord |
| brain | mass of nerve tissue that is the control center of the nervous system |
| cerebrum | area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body; the largest part of the brain |
| medulla | area of the brain responsible for all involuntary vital processes; connects the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebellum | area of the brain that is responsible for coordination, motor control, and balance |
| nerves | a collection of axons through which impulses travel between the central nervous system and other parts of the body |
| neuron | a nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses |
| reflex | An involuntary and almost immediate movement of in response to a stimulus |
| retina | receives images formed by the lens and transmits them through the optic nerve to the brain. |
| endocrine system | A collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis |
| hormone | A substance that is made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body |
| gland | A group of cells that make special chemicals for the body |
Created by:
Ms. Greenup
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