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Cell Cycle/Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
Centriole Cell structure that ''casts'' out spindle fibers
Centromere The location or point where two sister chromosomes are held together
Chromosome Structure in the nucleus of a cell
Diploid Containing two complete sets of chromosomes
Haploid Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
X-Chromosome One of the two sex chromosomes
Y-Chromosome One of the two sex chromosomes, determines if the baby is a boy
Gamete Sex cells
Oogenesis Growth process in which the primary egg cell (or ovum) becomes a mature ovum.
Spermatogenesis The process of sperm cell development.
Interphase Normal cell ''stuff''
Mitosis The division of a cells nucleus into 2 new nulcei, each of which have the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell
Prophase -Nucleuse dissolves -Centrioles move to opposite ends and cast out spindle fibers
Metaphase Chromosomes move to the middle and attach to spindle fibers at their centromers (center intersection point)
Anaphase Centromeres divide, half of the chromosomes go to each side. (In a typical human body cell,this means 23 pairs of chromosomes are going to each side.)
Telophase 2 new nuclei form around each mass of chromosomes
Cytokinesis The cell membrane ''pinches'' in on itself, forming 2 new cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell
Meiosis A form of cell division that is special and each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. It produces 4 gametes or sex cells and happens during prophase 1
When do females typically undergo Meiosis? Before birth and never again after that.
When do males typically undergo Meiosis? Once they hit puberty and will continue for the rest of their life
Crossing over The exchange of genes between similar chromosomes , occurs in prophase 1 of meiosis 1, creates gametes that contain new combinations of genes, and happens when two chromosomes line up and switch certain parts.
Nondisjunction The failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes, and when chromosomes fail to divide during meiosis,
Nondisjunction part 2 Messes up the equal split of chromosomes which gives some cells to many chromosomes and others not enough
What are some differences between Meiosis in males vs. females? In females meiosis occurs before birth and never again, produces less egg cells, and asymmetric sized egg cells. In males meiosis occurs their entire life starting at puberty, produces millions of sperm cells and produces equally sized sperm cells.
Created by: hadleyrice
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