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cell structure
chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| endosymbiosis theory | |
| plasma membrane | semi-permeable barrier of the cell |
| sodium-potassium pump | established resting membrane potential, maintains fluid volume, ATP required |
| mitochondria | produces energy for the cell- converts nutrients to ATP |
| 34 | net yield of ATP for aerobic metabolism |
| 2 | net yield of ATP for anaerobic metabolism |
| lysosomes | contain digestive enzymes |
| autolysis | lysosomes release enzymes to destroy cell--> cell death |
| heterolysis | lysosomes digest foreign material |
| proeasomes | degrade proteins and polypeptide chains |
| peroxisomes | break down free radicals and long chain fatty acids |
| adrenoleukodystrophy | dysfunctional peroxisomes, long chain fatty acids accumulate in nervous system |
| endoplasmic reticulum | acts as a transport system |
| smooth ER | transports lipids |
| rough ER | transports proteins |
| ribosomes | protein "factories" |
| golgi apparatus | processes, packages, and secretes proteins |
| secretory vesicles | contain substances to be secreted by the cell |
| microtubules | hollow filaments, help with cell division, intracellular transport |
| microfilaments | solid, flexible fibers that help with cell movement, found in muscle cells |
| nucleus | contains genetic material- DNA |
| transcription | turns DNA into messenger RNA |
| translation | mRNA converted to amino acid sequence and becomes tRNA |