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Bio Terms 10&11
Biology Terms for Chapters 10 & 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gene | A unit of DNA that transmits hereditary characteristics from parent to offspring |
| Homozygous | Having two indenitcal alleles in a gene |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles in a gene |
| Haploid | (n) half of the full set of genetic information |
| Diploid | (2n) the full set of genetic information |
| Gamete | A sex cell (Sperm-male;Egg-female) |
| Phenotype | The observable traits in an organism |
| Genotype | The genetic information in an organism |
| Allele | the code form for a gene |
| Zygote | the fertilized ovum |
| Incomplete Dominance | When neither gene overrules the other, For Example:(when a whote flower and a red flower cross over and create a pink flower) |
| Sexual | reproduction in which the genes from two parents join to make an offspring |
| Asexual reproduction | a type of reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring by budding or by the division of a single cell or the entire organism into two or more parts; process by which a single parent reproduces by itself |
| Chromosome | Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
| Fertilization | fusion of male and female gametes |
| Meiosis | The process of cell division that results in the formation of haploid cells from diploid cells to produce gametes |
| Prophase 1 | Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing-over occurs. |
| Metaphase 1 | Spindle fibers attach to the chromosmes. |
| Anaphase 1 | the fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase 1 | The spindles break down, chromosomes uncoil and form two nuclei, and the cell divides. |
| Prophase 2 | spindle fibers attach to centromeres |
| Metaphase 2 | chromosomes line up in middle |
| Anaphase 2 | chromosomes are pulled apart |
| Telophase 2 | chromosomes are single stranded, end up with 4 new cells, cells are Haploid (hybrid), genetically different, nucleus DOES reappear. |
| Pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
| Linkage | (genetics) traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association between their genes |
| cross-over | the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis |
| sex-linked trait | Characteristic such as red-green color blindness, controlled by genes on the X chromosome also called an X linked trait. |
| dominant trait | the trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited |
| independent assortment | the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes |
Created by:
brookegould3
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