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UIL MM Terms
UIL Music Memory Terms 24-25
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 2/4 time | simple meter (the quarter note beat is evenly divided into two eighth notes), in which there are two beats per measure and a quarter note gets one beat. |
| 3/4 time | simple meter (the quarter note beat is evenly divided into two eighth notes), in which there are three beats per measure and a quarter note gets one beat. |
| A B A form | a form consisting of three sections, in which the third section is a repeat of the first. |
| Accent | indicates that a note should be played or sung with more emphasis than the other notes. |
| Alto | low female singing voice, abbreviated “A.” |
| Arpeggio (broken chord) | a group of notes from a chord that are sounded one after another. |
| Articulation | the way the notes are played. |
| Ballet | a story told through music and dancing, performed on a stage with costumes, sets, and lighting. |
| Band | a group of musicians who play woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments. |
| Baritone | the most common male singing voice, lower than tenor and higher than bass. |
| Bass | low male singing voice, abbreviated “B.” |
| Bass clef (“F clef”) | |
| Bel canto (“beautiful singing” in Italian) | an Italian vocal style in Europe during the 18 thand early 19 thcenturies. |
| Big Band | a group of 12-25 jazz musicians who play woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments. Big Bands came to prominence in the 1930s. |
| Bridge | a contrasting section that prepares for the return of the main theme. Also, a term used in jazz and pop music for a connecting section within the form of the music. |
| Chamber orchestra | a few musicians who play in a room (chamber) or small hall. |
| Choir | a large group of singers associated with the church (sacred). The voices of an adult choir include soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T), and bass (B). |
| Chord | three or more notes sounded together. |
| Compound meter | In compound meter the beat is evenly divided into three parts (i.e., three eighth notes per quarter note beat: 6/8, 9/8, etc.). |
| Concert band | a large group of 20-60 musicians who play instruments from the woodwind, brass, and percussion families indoors in a concert setting. A concert band can also be called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind orchestra, wind symphony, symphonic band, symphonic wi |
| Concerto | a composition, usually in three parts or movements, for solo instrument(s) and orchestra. |
| Dynamics | the volume (loudness or softness) of the music. |
| Expressive elements (tempo, dynamics, articulation, texture, tonality, and mood) | qualities that affect the emotions felt when music is heard. |
| Finale | the last, or final movement of a sonata, concerto, or symphony. |
| Folk song | a song that is not written down, but is passed on orally from person to person. Usually, the composer of a folk song is unknown. |
| Forte | a dynamic marking, abbreviated “f” that indicates that the music is to be performed loudly. |
| Introduction | the beginning of a piece of music. |
| Jazz | music that was created by African Americans in the late 19 thand early 20 thcenturies. It uses improvisation and syncopation. |
| Legato | an articulation that means “tied together” (notes are smooth and connected). |
| Libretto (“book” in Italian) | the text used in an extended musical composition such as an opera, oratorio, cantata, or musical. |
| Lyrics | the words of a song. Marionette: a type of puppet with jointed limbs that is controlled from above by strings. |
| Melody | a line of single pitches that move up, down, or repeat. |
| Musical form | the overall structure of a piece of music. |
| Musical prodigy | a child who can perform or compose music at the level of a highly-trained adult. |
| Opera | a story told completely through music. The characters sing with an orchestra accompanying them and act out the story on a stage with costumes, scenery, and props. |
| Opera buffa | comic opera, written for and about ordinary people with common problems, in everyday settings, using local dialects, and simple vocal writing. Singer must have clear diction and be able to sing “patter” (fast singing). |
| Pizzicato | a type of articulation that indicates that the strings of a stringed instrument are to be plucked. |
| Prelude | a piece of music that introduces something important, such as an orchestral opening to an act of an opera, the first movement of a suite, or a piece preceding a fugue. In his operas, Wagner used the word “prelude” in place of “overture.” |
| Presto | a tempo mark that indicates that the music is very fast. |
| Rondo form | a musical form in which the main theme returns after each contrasting section: A B A C A. Rondo can also refer to music that is fast and vivacious. |
| SATB choir | a group of male and female singers (S |
| Scherzo (“joke” in Italian) | the third movement of a symphony, in 3/4 time, usually quick and light-hearted. It is often played with a trio, followed by a repeat of the scherzo. |
| Simple meter | In simple meter the beat is evenly divided into two parts (i.e., two eighth notes per quarter note beat: 2/4, 3/4, 4/4). |
| Soprano | high female singing voice, abbreviated “S.” |
| Staccato | a type of articulation that indicates that the notes are to be detached, separated. |
| Suite | a musical form made up of a collection of short pieces. |
| Symphony | a musical composition in three or more movements for orchestra. |
| Syncopation | a rhythm where important tomes begin on weak beats or weak parts of beats, giving an “off-balance” feeling to the music. |
| Tenor | high male singing voice, abbreviated “T.” |
| Texture | the way the sounds are combined, or the way layers of sound interact in a musical composition. |
| Theme | the main melody of a section or composition. The theme is used repeatedly to represent an idea, emotion, or character. |
| The “Three B’s” | the group of German composers (Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig Van Beethoven, and Johannes Brahms). |
| Treble clef (“G clef”) | a musical symbol that indicates G above middle C (line 2 on the staff). Instruments that use the treble clef include the violin, flute, oboe, English horn, clarinet, saxophone, recorder, trumpet, cornet, French horn, vibraphone, xylophone, guitar, mandoli |
| Variation | a technique where music is repeated with alterations to the melody, harmony, rhythm, meter, dynamics, tempo, timbre, or texture. |
| Virtuoso | a musician who possesses outstanding talent and technical ability on a musical instrument. |
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