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Mendel and Heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heredity | the passing of characters from parents to offspring |
| genetics | the branch of biology that focuses on heredity |
| monohybrid cross | a cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| true breeding | all of the offspring would display only one form of the character |
| P generation | the first two individuals that are crossed in a breeding experiment |
| F1 generation | first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms |
| F2 generation | second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of the two organisms; offspring of the F1 generation |
| allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| homozygous | two alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are the same |
| heterozygous | alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are different |
| genotype | the set of alleles that an individual has for a character |
| phenotype | the physical appearance of a character |
| law of segregation | the two alleles for a character segregates when gametes are formed |
| law of independent assortment | the alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation |
| Punnett square | a diagram that predicts the outcome of genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes in the cross |
| test cross | an individual whose phenotype is dominant, but whose genotype is not known, is crossed with a homozygous recessive allele |
| probability | the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| pedigree | a family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| sex-linked gene | located only on the X or Y chromosome |
| polygenic inheritance | when several genes influence a character |
| incomplete dominance | an individual displays a phenotype that is intermediate between the two parents |
| multiple alleles | gene with three or more alleles |
| codominance | both forms of the character are displayed |
| dihybrid cross | experimental cross between individuals that are homozygous for different versions of two traits |
| What was the difference b/w TA Knight's studies and Gregor Mendel's studies? | Gregor Mendel quantified his data so became the founder of modern genetics. |
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figureskater823
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