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Chapter 17.5
Types of Mutations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mutations | changes in the genetic material of a cell or virus -if adverse effect = genetic disorder -can occur during DNA replication, recombination, or repair |
| point mutations | chemical changes in just one base pair of a gene -nucleotide-pair substitution and insertions/deletions |
| nucleotide-pair substitution | replaces one nucleotide and its partners with another pair of nucleotides -silent mutations, missense, nonsense |
| silent mutations | have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in genetic code (wobble, replace 3rd base of codon) |
| missense | still code for an amino acid, but not correct one |
| nonsense mutation | changes a normal codon into a stop codon |
| insertions and deletions | additions/subtraction of a nucleotide pair in a gene |
| frameshift mutations | -when nucleotides are inserted/deleted from gene and its not in a multiple of 3 -results in improper grouping of subsequent readings of codons |
| mutagens | physical or chemical agents that can cause mutations -ex: cigarettes, espestlce, radioactivity |
| what is a gene? | -discrete unit of inheritance -region of specific nucleotide sequence in chromosomes -DNA sequence that codes for RNA that codes for polypeptide (also includes RNA as enzymes) |
| retrovirus | RNA virus that replicates its RNA into DNA and inserts new DNA into a chromosomes -DNA always remains in nucleus, so permanent and forever transcribe RNA of sickness |
Created by:
maddiemiller
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