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Chapter 17.4.1
Translation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tRNA | transfers amino acids to growing polypeptide in ribosome -single RNA strand around 80 nucleotides long -looks like clover when flatted -due to hydrogen bonds tRNA folds into 3-D shape, roughly L-shaped |
| ends of tRNA | -each carries a specific amino aid on one end -each has anti-codon on other end, which base pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA |
| anti-codon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| wobble | flexible pairing at the 3rd base of a codon (5' end) because some amino acids have several codons that code for it |
| accurate translation | 1. correct match between a tRNA and amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 2. correct match between tRNA anti-codon and mRNA codon |
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase | correctly matches tRNA to its amino acid to be brought to ribosome -uses ATP |
| ribosomes | facilitate coupling of tRNA anti-codons with mRNA condons in protein synthesis - 2 ribosomal subnits (large and small) made of protein and rRNA - have 3 binding sites for tRNA |
| p site | holds the tRNA that carries growing polypeptide chain -protein |
| a site | holds tRNA that carries next amino acid to be added to chain -arrival |
| e site | discharged tRNA leave ribosome -exit |
| stages of translation | 1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination |
| steps of initiation of translation | 1. small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA and special initiation tRNA 2. small subunit moves along mRNA until it reaches start codon 3. initiation factors bring in large subunit that complete the translation initiation complex |
| initiation factors | proteins that bring in the large subunit that completes the translation initiation complex |
| steps of elongation in translation step 1 | amino acids are added to C-terminus of growing polypeptide chain 1. Condon Recognition - anti-codon of incoming aminoacyl tRNA base pairs with complementary mRNA codon in A-site, uses some GTP |
| steps of elongation in translation step 2 | 2. Peptide Bond Formation - rRNA of large subunit forms peptide bond between carboxyl end of polypeptide in P-site and amino group of new amino acid in A site |
| steps of elongation in translation step 3 | 3. Translocation - ribosome translocates the tRNA in A-site to the P-site. Empty tRNa in P-site moves to E-site where it's released. mRNA moves along with its bound tRNA's bringing next codon into A-Site |
| steps of termination of translation | 1. stop codon in mRNA reaches A-site of ribosome 2. A-site accepts release factor, promoting hydrolysis by addition of water molecule instead of amino acid 3. Ribosomal subunits and other components disassociate |
Created by:
maddiemiller
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