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Chapter 2- Cells
for chapter 2 test in honors biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is cell theory? | all organisms are composedof cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in plants and animals, all cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division |
| type of cell- eukaryotic | very distinct and defined nucleus, present in all living things, membrane bound organelle, larger than prokaryotic. ex: skin cell |
| type of cell- prokaryotic | lacks distinctive membrane-bound organelle, primitive. ex: bacteria |
| cells have three things in common... | 1. Cell Membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Control Center/Nucleus |
| cell membrane | protects and supports, double layer- made of lipids with embedded proteins, visible only with electron microscope |
| cell wall | protects and supports, only in plants, algae, fungi, & bacteria, lies outside cell membrane, allows substances to pass through |
| cytoplasm | jelly-like clear fluid, contains organelles, has a constant flow known as cytoplamic streaming which moves materials through the cell |
| nucleus | controls most activities in cell, transmits hereditary info through chromosomes, nucleoli- sphereical bodies inside it which make ribosomes, produce protein/ribosomes |
| endoplasmic reticulum- ER | series of channels that wind through cytoplasn and transport materals smooth ER- no ribosomes, builds lipids for membranes rough ER- with ribosomes, sit of protein sythesis with ready made transpotation |
| ribosomes (manufacturers) | site of protein synthesis, most numerous of organelles |
| mitochondria (power plant) | varies in shape, cellular respiration occurs inside it which releases energy from dlucose. composed of outer membrane with a complex inner membrane called the cristae. they CAN reproduce |
| golgi bodies (storing, packing) | small, saclike pieces pinched off from the ER that stack up, stores packages and chemicals that are secreted from cell |
| lysosomes (digesters) | formed by golgi bodies, white blood cells contain lysosomes to kill bacteria, one-celled, breakdown worn out organelles and dfend cells in multicellur organisms |
| vacuole | bubble like structure that stoes in water, wastes, food particles, turgor pressure- osmotic pressure created in plant cell, when deprived of water vacuole collapses and the plants wilt in animals cells- non-existant |
| plastids | found only in plants and some algae, contains chloroplasts and they CAN reproduce |
| types of plastids | leucoplasts- colorless, stores food chromoplasts- color pigments chloroplasts- green pigment |
| microtubioles | hollow cylinders of protein (tubulin) that lie just beneath the cell membrane that support the cell. centrioles- are near the nucleus only in animals cells, used for cell division flagella- structure that propels a cell microtubular arrangement- 9 + 2 |
| ANIMAL vs. plant cells | centrioles, lysosomes, small vacuole |
| animal vs. PLANT cells | lysosomes- only some, centrioles- rare, large water filled vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts |
| both animal and plant cells | can be multicellular or unicellular, eukaryotic |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| solute particles | hypotonic- water is coming in hypertonic- water is going out isotonic- equal distribution of water |
Created by:
catlamp
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