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Chapter 17.2
Transcription
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| RNA polymerase II | -catalyzes RNA synthesis -pries DNA strands apart -joins together RNA nucleotides -doesn't need a primer, unlike DNA polymerase |
| RNA | single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose -complementary to DNA template strand -synthesis follows same base pairing as DNA, but with uracil instead of thymine |
| transcription unit | stretch of DNA that's transcribed to RNA |
| promoter unit | specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription -upstream to transcription unit because it indicates where and which direction the transcription occurs and RNA has to be read left to right |
| steps of transcription | 1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination |
| transcription factors | collection of proteins that bind to DNA and help mediate binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription |
| transcription initiation complex | completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to a promoter |
| TATA box | a DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex |
| initiation of rna synthesis steps 1 and 2 | 1. Eukaryotic promoter includes a TATA box and is upstream of transcription start point 2. Several transcription factors bind to DNA before RNA pol II so it can bind in correct position and orientation |
| initiation of rna synthesis step 3 | 3. Additional transcription factors bind to DNA along with RNA pol II, forming transcription initiation complex. RNA pol II unwinds DNA double helix and RNA synthesis begins at start point on template strand |
| start point | in transcription, the nucleotide position on the promoter where RNA polymerase begins synthesis of RNA |
| elongation of the RNA strand | -RNA polymerase moves downstream the DNA, untwisting double helix, 10 to 20 bases at a time -gene can be transcribed simultaneously by several RNA polymerases -nucleotides are added to the 3′ end of the growing RNA molecule |
| termination of transcription in prokaryotes | -RNA pol II stop transcription at the end of terminator -mRNA can be translated without further modification |
| terminator | in prokaryotes, a special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. |
| termination of transcription in eukaryotes | 0RNA pol II transcribes the polyadenylation signal sequence -RNA transcript is released 10-35 nucleotides past this sequence |
Created by:
maddiemiller
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