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Chapter 16.2

DNA Replication with Leading and Lagging Strand

QuestionAnswer
semiconservative model type of DNA replication in which the double helix replicates, each daughter molecule will have an parental strand and new strand
conservative model the two parent strands rejoin with new daughter molecule
dispersive model each stand is a mix of old and new
Meselson and Stahl -Proved semiconservative model, confirming Watson and Crick's hypothesis -Cultured bacteria in a medium containing heavy nitrogen (15N) and then a medium containing light nitrogen (14N)
origin of replication Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins -replication occurs in both directions from this point
replication bubble an unwound and open region of a DNA helix where DNA replication occurs
bacterial fork -the parental strand separates from one origin, forming a bubble with two forks -continue replication in both directions until forks meet on other side -resulting in two new daughter cells
antiparallel the two strands of DNA run in opposite 5' - 3' directions
replication fork y-shaped region on replication DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are synthesized
helicase enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at replication forks, separating 2 strands and making them available as template strands
single-stranded binding proteins binds to parental DNA strands, stabilizing them and holding them apart while they serve as templates for the new strands
topoisomerase corrects "overwinding" ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
primase enzyme joins RNA nucleotides to make primer during DNA replication using parental DNA strand as template
primer A short polynucleotide with free 3' end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and elongated with DNA nucleotides
dna polymerase III catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at fork -builds in a 5' - 3' direction -cannot initiate synthesis of polynucleotide, only add nucleotides to an existing 3' end -requires a primer and DNA template strand
dna polymerase I Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides added to 3' end of next fragment
dna polymerase II enzyme that proofreads the daughter strand of replicated DNA and corrects any base pairing errors
leading strand along a template strand of DNA, DNA polymerase III synthesizes this continuously moving towards fork
lagging strand to elongate other new strand, DNA polymerase III must work in the direction away from fork -synthesized in series of Okazaki fragments
okazaki fragments short DNA fragments synthesized away from the replication fork on the template strand -many joined together to make up a lagging strand of new DNA -built-in 5' to 3' direction
DNA ligase -on lagging strands, joins Okazaki fragments together -on leading stranding, joins 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of strand
dna replication of matrix -formed by proteins that participate in DNA replication -stationary during the process
Steps 1-3 of lagging strand synthesis 1. Primase joins RNA into first primer for lagging 2. DNA pol III adds DNA nucleotides to 3' end of primer, forming Okazaki fragment 1 3. After reaching the next RNA primer to the right, DNA pol III detaches
Steps 4-6 of lagging strand synthesis 4. Fragment 2 is primed, DNA pol III adds DNA, detaching when it reaches primer 1 5. DNA pol I replaces RNA with DNA to 3' end of fragment 1 6. DNA ligase forms bond between newest DNA and DNA fragment 1
Meselson and Stahl cont. -after extracting the DNA, demonstrated that the replicated DNA consisted of one heavy strand and one light strand
Created by: maddiemiller
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