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Bio Quiz 3
Material after exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does it mean for an enzyme to be a molecular match maker? | It encourages a reaction between two substrate molecules by binding to the substrates and bringing them together. (proximity induced catalyst) |
| What does it mean for an enzyme to do molecular interior designing? | The enzyme rearranges electrons within substrate creating partial positive and negative charges that favor the reaction. |
| What does it mean for an enzyme to be a molecular politician? | The enzyme bends the substrate molecule forcing a transition state that favors the reaction. (introduces structural tension into substrates) |
| In an acid-base reaction the acid | donates a proton |
| In an acid base reaction the base | accepts a proton |
| In an oxidation-reduction reaction the reductant is | the electron donor |
| In an oxidation-reduction reaction the oxidizing agent is | the electron acceptor |
| Isomerization reactions are | the rearrangement of bonds within a molecule |
| Oxidation-reduction enzyme is the | oxidoreductase |
| In a hydrolysis reaction the enzyme is the | hydrolases |
| In isomerization reactions the enzyme is | isomerase |
| what is a competitive inhibitor? | inhibitor within the active site of enzyme, that does not allows the substrate to bind |
| how to out compete competitive inhibitor? | with excess substrate |
| does the competitive inhibitor change the Vmax? | NO |
| Does the competitive inhibitor change the Km? | YES, the inhibitor binds more weakly to the enzyme, increasing the Km value |
| What is a allosteric regulator? | molecules that bind outside of the active site |
| Where does the allosteric regulator bind to? | a regulatory site outside of the active site |
| What does the allosteric regulator do to the enzyme structure? | It introduces structural change in the enzyme, closing the active site and making it less accessible (creates inactive enzymes) |
| A protein phosphorylation is a | common post translation modification |
| In phosphorylation what enzyme attaches the phosphate group donated by ATP | the protein kinase (type of hydrolase) |
| n phosphorylation what enzyme removes the phosphate group | the protein phosphatase |
| Is protein phosphorylation reversible and what does it influence? | Yes and it influences enzyme activity |
| What are the three functions of membranes? | protection, cellular communication, and transportation mechanisms , mobility, energy transformation |
| Two major components of membranes | lipids and proteins |
| Type of lipids in membrane | glycerophospholipids, glycolipids, and steroids (cholesterol) |
| A glycerophospholipid is made of | polar head, phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids |
| A glycerophospholipid's polar head is | hydrophilic and interacts favorable with water |
| Glycerophospholipids make a | phospholipid bilayer which has a hydrophobic core |
| Steroids are made of | small polar hydroxyl head, 4 fused rings, hydrocarbon tail |
| A glycolipid has | a sugar and hydrocarbon tail |
| glycerophospholipids can have what types of fatty acids | unsaturated and saturated |
| With increased temperature in order to maintain constant membrane fluidity, what 3 things can we do | 1. increase the length of the fatty acid tail in glycerophospholipids 2. decrease the unsaturated fatty acid content 3. increase cholesterol content, because they can put themselves between the glycerophospholipids preventing movement 2. |
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sninosua0508
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