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APBioCh43
APbioLHSCh43 Vertebrate immune system
| cell, protein, or phenomenon | type of immunological response | function or locations |
|---|---|---|
| lysozyme | nonspecific | bacteria-lysing enzyme found in skin, tears, mucus |
| neutrophils | nonspecific | most common phagocytic cell |
| monocytes | nonspecific | mature into macrophages, lgst phagocytic cells |
| eosinophils | nonspecific | discharge enzyme-laden granules at large parasitic invaders |
| natural killer cells (NK) | nonspecific | lyse virus-infected or abnormal body cells |
| the inflammatory response | nonspecific | localized phenomenon triggered by injury |
| histamine | nonspecific | chemical released by injured cell triggering permeability&dilation |
| basophils | nonspecific | type of circulating WBC releasing histamine when injured |
| mast cell | nonspecific | histamine-releasing WBC found in connective tissue |
| prostaglandins | nonspecific | chemical attracting blood flow to site |
| chemokines | nonspecific | chemical (usually protein) which attracts/mediates phagocytes |
| pyrogens | nonspecific | molecules released by phagocytes which raise body temperature |
| complement system | nonspecific | ~20 serum proteins that lyse microbes |
| interferons | nonspecific | proteins secreted by cells to signal they are infected by virus |
| lymphocytes | specific | B cells(fm bone marrow) or T cells (via thymus) |
| B cells (plasma) | specific | short-term antibody producers |
| B cells (memory) | specific | bears antibody to previously encountered antigen, long-lived |
| T cells | specific | bear T-cell receptors which recognize antigen but can't be secreted as antibodies can |
| antibody | specific | immunoglobulin protein to bind foreign antigen |
| antigen | specific | foreign virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasite, tissue, or pollen, or protein or peptide from the above which causes formation of antibodies |
| antigen receptors | specific | transmembrane structure on B cell which will cause antigen recognition |
| primary immune response | specific | 1st encounter w/pathogen spurs this proliferation of specific B and T cells |
| secondary immune response | specific | quicker, stronger B and T cell response due to memory cells fm. 1st exposure |
| MHC (major histocompatability complex) | specific | cell markers allowing self to be distinguished fm non-self cells |
| cytotoxic T cells | specific | bind body's infected cells displaying fragments of antigen |
| helper T cells | specific | bind to body's macrophage cells displaying antigen fragments |
| APCs (antigen-presenting cells) | specific | B cells & macrophages which alert helper T cells that antigen is in the body |
| CD4 | specific | enhances binding of helper T cells to antigen-bearing macrophages & B cells |
| cytokines | specific | proteins or peptides that stimulate lymphocytes(B&T cells) |
| IL-2 (interleukin-2) | specific | cytokine assisting in differentiation of activated B & T cells |
| IL-1 (interleukin-1) | specific | cytokine that enhances activation of helper T cell |
| humoral immune response | specific | specific events which occur in body humors (blood & lymph)-mainly B cell activity |
| cell-mediated immune response | specific | those activities conducted by cytotoxic T cells in clearing infected body cells and phagocytes during infection |
| suppressor T cell | specific | stops immune response after antigen is gone |
| CD8 | specific | assists cytotoxic T cell in binding infected body cell |
| perforin | specific | protein which makes holes in target cell of the cytotoxic T cell |
| T-dependent antigen | specific | foreign particle(usually protein) that requires helper T cells to start antibody production |
| T-independent antigen | specific | polysaccharides&repetitive polypeptides highly stimulating to antibody production-req's no helper T cells |
| tumor antigen | specific | abnormal molecule on tumor which can be spotted by cytotoxic T cells |
| epitope | specific | antigen's binding site (aka antigenic determinant) |
| immunoglobulins (Igs) | specific | globular serum proteins classified as antibodies |
| heavy chains | specific | area common to all of an organism's antibodies |
| light chains | specific | variable area of antibody where antigen is recognised |
| monoclonal antibodies | specific | identical set of molecules scientists can use to recognise a specific protein or other antigen |
| MAC (membrane attack complex) | specific | protein team fm "complement" cascade which overwhelms pathogens already bound by antibodies |
| active immunity | specific | state of defense caused by response of person's own immune system |
| immunization (vaccination) | specific | artificial but completely effective defense caused by killed or weakened microbes |
| passive immunity | specific | reception of mother's IgG or IgA antibodies by baby |
| Rh factor | specific | RBC antigen(IgG) which can cross placental barrier |
| anaphylactic shock | specific | rapid life-threatening reaction to allergens such as bee sting or peanuts |
| autoimmune diseases | specific | caused by incorrect id of self cells as non-self |
Created by:
sedgar
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