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Skeletal - WHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ligament | flexible band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
| cartilage | tough, flexible tissue that covers the ends of bones and decreases friction |
| bone marrow | soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones which produces blood cells |
| medullary cavity | cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow |
| axial skeleton | bones of skull, vertebral column, and rib cage |
| appendicular skeleton | forms the extremities and is composed of the shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, and leg bones |
| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones |
| spongy bone | located toward the end of long bone |
| innervated | contains nerve fibers |
| vascular | contains blood vessels |
| osteocyte | mature bone cell |
| osteoblast | cells that make bone |
| osteoclast | cell that breaks down bone |
| chondrocyte | mature cartilage cell |
| osteon | unit of compact bone |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate, made of cartilage found near the ends of long bones |
| bone remodeling | ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue |
| parathyroid hormone | hormone that stimulates calcium release from bones |
| calcitonin | hormone that increases the deposition of calcium into the bones |
| closed fracture | broken bone with no break in the skin |
| open fracture | broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin |
| comminuted fracture | bone breaks into many fragments |
| greenstick fracture | only one side of the bone shaft is broken, and the other is bent |
| transverse fracture | break is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone |
| compression fracture | fracture in which the bone collapses especially in short bones such as vertebrae |
| stress fracture | small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact |
| spiral fracture | ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone |
| hematoma | localized swelling filled with blood |
| bony callus | osteoblasts produce a mass of spongy bone and convert the fibrocartilage to a bony callus as a fracture heals |
| cervical | vertebrae of the neck |
| thoracic | vertebrae of the chest or thorax |
| lumbar | vertebrae of the lower back |
| sacrum | wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae connecting the two pelvic bones |
| coccyx | tail-bone |
| suture | immovable joint that connects the bones of the skull |
| mandible | lower jaw bone |
| maxilla | upper jaw bone |
| frontal bone | forms the forehead |
| parietal bones | two bones on the side and top of the skull |
| temporal bones | two bones that form the lateral aspects and floor of the skull |
| occipital bone | bone found at the back and base of the skull |
| intervertebral discs | fibrous cartilage between vertebrae which provide shock absorption and flexibility |
| costal cartilage | cartilage that connects the sternum and the ends of the ribs |
| pectoral girdle | clavicle and scapula |
| pelvic girdle | pelvis |
| sternum | breast bone |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| radius | forearm bone on the thumb side |
| ulna | forearm bone on the pinkie finger side |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | bones of the palm of the hand |
| phalanges | fingers or toes |
| coxal bone | hip or pelvic bone |
| femur | thigh bone |
| tibia | medial, thicker bone of the lower leg |
| fibula | lateral, thinner bone of the lower leg |
| patella | knee cap |
| tarsals | ankle bones |
| metatarsals | bones forming the arch of the foot |
| synovial joint | freely movable joint containing a cavity filled with synovial fluid |
| fontanelle | soft membranous spot between the skull bones of an infant |
| zygomatic | cheekbone |
| articular | pertaining to a joint |
| abduction | movement away from the midline |
| adduction | movement toward the midline |
| articular cartilage | hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints |
| circumduction | circular movement of a limb at the far end |
| depression | lowering a body part |
| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| dorsiflexion | movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| elevation | raising a body part |
| endosteum | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone |
| epiphysis | end of a long bone |
| ethmoid bone | forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium |
| eversion | turning the sole of the foot outward |
| external rotation | rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline |
| flexion | decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together |
| Haversian canal | channels in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves |
| hyaline cartilage | most common type of cartilage |
| internal rotation | rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline |
| inversion | turning the sole of the foot inward |
| joint capsule | connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity and retains the fluid |
| meniscus | cartilage disc in the knee that absorbs shock and cushions joint |
| nasal bone | forms the bridge of the nose |
| periosteum | double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes bone |
| plantar flexion | bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground |
| protraction | moving a body part forward |
| reduction | putting a bone back into alignment |
| retraction | moving a part backward |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| sphenoid bone | bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together |
| supination | movement that turns the palm up |
| pronation | turning the palm downward |
| synovial fluid | joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane |
| trabeculae | irregular latticework of thin bony plates in spongy bone tissue |
| vomer | forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum |
| collagen | protein found in bones and cartilage which gives them flexibility |
| growth hormone | hormone secreted by pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones |
| interstitial growth | growth in length of bones |
| appositional growth | growth in width or thickness of bones |
| endochondral ossification | process in which bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage during fetal development |
| hyoid bone | bone in the neck that serves as a base for the tongue and does not articulate with any other bone |
| immobilization | stabilization, fastening the bone in a fixed position with pins, plates, or a cast |
| synarthrosis | immovable joint |
| amphiarthrosis | slightly movable joint |
| diarthrosis | freely movable joint |
| multiaxial | movement of a joint in or around all three planes |
| uniaxial | movement of a joint in one plane |
| coronal suture | suture between the parietal and frontal bones |
| sagittal suture | suture between the two parietal bones |
| squamous suture | suture between parietal and temporal bones |
| lambdoid suture | suture between parietal bones and occipital bone |
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