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Bio 152 lect 3&4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. Catabolism- breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones with the release of energy Anabolism- Synthesis of cell parts from simple chemicals. Requires energy input. |
| Oxidation | The removal of electrons (or electrons + protons) from a molecule |
| Reduction | addition of electrons (or electrons + protons) to a molecules |
| GN GP | Gram-negative Gram-positive |
| Fermentation | synthesis of ATP occurs as a result of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm. Step 1 1glucose+ADP+2phosphate+2NAD->2pyruvate+2ATP +2NADH Step 2 |
| Respiration | synthesis of ATP requires generation of a proton motive force across a membrane. glucose + 6 O2 +38 ADP -------> 6 CO2 +6 H2O +38 ATP |
| anaerobic respiration | Bacteria and archaea that carry our anaerobic respiration use electron acceptors such as nitrate, sulfate, iron, or oxygen. The basic processes of anaerobic respiration (electron transport, generation of a proton motive force |
| chemolithoautotrophs | some bacteria and archaea use reduced forms of inorganic compounds as energy sources. These inorganic compounds are used as electron donors for respiration. |
| phototrophs | some bacteria and nearly all plants and algae use light as a source of energy |
| anoxygenic photosynthesis (only found in bacteria) | this was the first type of photosynthesis and remains the simplest, and occurs in the absence of oxygen |
| Oxygenic photosynthesis | organisms that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis (plants, algae, cyanobacteria) use water as a source of electrons. They split water and produce O2. Bacteria (in particular cyanobacteria) invented this form of photosynthesis. |
| Autotrophic CO2 fixation | Plants and algae use the Calvin cycle, but bacteria have at least 4 pathways to fix CO2(convert it into organic molecules) including the Calvin cycle. |
| Enteric Bacteria GN | Most are rod shaped, they can use O2 for respiration but can also grow by fermentation without oxygen. Many are motile using flagella. Many are common inhabitant of animal digestive tracts. Some cause diseases such as 'gastroenteritis'. |
| Pseudomonas species GN | Grow by respiration, generally aerobic, motile (flagellum) common in soil and water degrade many 'recalcitrant' chemicals (involved in natural cleanup of oil spills) |
| Bacterial 'predators' GN | bdellovibrio species-flagellated bacterium that attacks gram=negative bacteria grow in their periplasm |
| anoxygenic phototrophs GN | do not generate oxygen during photosynthesis. Many different genera of these common bacteria some are purple in color. |
| Oxygenic phototrophs: the cyanobacteria GN | carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. EX- cyanobacteria can also fix nitrogen. |
| Endospore Formers GP | The two most com0mon genera of endospore formers are Bacillus (which are aerobes) and Clostridium (which are anaerobes and fermentative). Both typically have rod shaped vegetative cells. |
| Archaea GP | Found in extreme habitats such as a high salt or high temperature. Divided into methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles. |
Created by:
cbosley
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