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Bio 152 lect 2

TermDefinition
all microorganisms have cell membranes and ribosomes a common set of metabolic pathways semiconservative DNA replication DNA that encodes proteins
Shapes of bacterial cells Some of which may be able to form chains or clusters. sphere-coccus (plural cocci) Rod- bacillus (plural bacilli) Spiral- Spirillum (plural sprilla)
Bacterial cell structure No nucleus Cell envelope: cell membrane surrounded by cell wall. My have capsule. Flagella and pili for motility
Bacterial cytoplasm contains: Nucleoid (chromosome) -usually single circular chromosomes Ribosomes Inclusions: Polysaccharide granules, lipid inclusions, sulfur granules, gas vacuoles, magnetosomes
Ribosomes are needed for protein synthesis
Cell membrane phospholipid bilayer made of phospholipids and proteins fluid mosaic structure
Functions of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane barrier, transport, contains many metabolic enzymes..
bacterial cell wall contains peptidoglycan, which is unique to bacteria -prevents osmotic lysis -Maintains cell shape Most bacteria can be separated into two groups based on differences in cells wall structure -gram-postive bacteria appear purple -gram-negative bacteria app
Spirochetes are bacteria that have their flagella enclosed within the gram-negative cell wall.
Pili attachment to other cells -DNA transfer to other bacteria and plants by conjugation
Functions of pili attachment DNA transfer by conjugation Twitching motility
archaea cell shapes / type cocci, bacilli, triangular, square Archaea are extremophiles: live in very harsh environments. Cell composition reflects their ability to adapt to extreme environments.
archaea unusual lifestyles methanogens: strict anaerobes; produce methane (CH4) Halophiles live in salt brines. Hyperthermophiles: live at very high temperatures (hot springs, hydrothermal vents
Archaea differ from bacteria in chemistry of membrane lipids Chemistry of cell walls archaeal flagella are not related to bacterial flagella at molecular level.
Created by: cbosley
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