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GI
CCRN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phases of gastric secretions | 1. Cephalic Phase 2. Gastric Phase 3. Intestinal Phase |
| Cephalic phase | The parsympathetic nervous system controls dthe first phase of regulation of grastric secretion via the vagus nerve. |
| Gastric phase | When food actually enters the stomach. Gastrin is the major hormone; it increaqses acid secretion from the oxyntic cells. |
| Intestinal phase | When chyme enters the duodenum. |
| Indication of potention malnutrition. | Albumin levels < 2.5g/dL and lymphocytes below 1000 mm3. |
| Osmolite, Ensure, Jevity1 kcal/mL | 1kcal/mL |
| Normally patients at rest require how many calories? | 25 kcal/kg/day |
| Achalasia refers to | Failure of the gastroesophageal sphincter |
| Total gastrectomy would cause the patient to lose which function? | Vitamin B12 synthesis |
| Which substance will increase the production of hydrochloric acid? | HISTAMINE |
| Cimetidine or ranitidine acts to reduce stress ulcers by inhibiting the production of which substance? | HISTAMINE |
| What is the purpose of the intrinsic factor, produced by parietal cells in the stomach? | PROMOTES ABSORPTION OF VIT. B12. |
| The normal pH of the stomach falls within which of the following ranges? | 1 to 3 |
| In which part of the GI system is pepsinogen initially produced? | STOMACH |
| Which of the following is a function of chelecystokinin? | INHIBITS GASTRIC EMPTYING |
| A vagotomy, through the removal of parasympathetic stimulation, can reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid by which mechanism? | ELIMINATION FO THE CEPHALIC PHASE OF GASTRIC SECRETION. |
| Approximately how many calories are in a gram of glucose? | 4 kcal |
| Approximately how many calories are in a gram of fat? | 9 kcal |
| Approximately how many calories are in a gram of protein? | 4 kcal |
| Which enzyme is active in the digestion of proteins? | TRYPSIN |
| Which enzyme is active in the digestio of fats? | LIPASE |
| Which enzyme is active in the digestion of carbohydrates? | AMYLASE |
| Emulsification of fat occurs because of which substance? | BILE |
| Increased colonic motility is produced by? | PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION |
| All venous blood from the intestines eventually drains into which vein? | PORTAL |
| Which substance causes contraction of the gallbladder? | SECRETIN |
| What are measured as part of the routine protein assessment during an analysis of nutritional status? | TOTAL LYMPHOCYTES AND ALBUMIN |
| What is thought to be the most common cause of stess ulcers? | ISCHEMIA |
| Esophageal varices are the result of increases in which vascular parameters? | PORTAL VENOUS PRESSURE |
| Portacaval shunts work to decrease bleeding from esophageal varices by which mechanism? | DECREASING PORTAL VENOUS PRESSURE |
| What are some complications of the esophageal balloon treament? | 1. TRACHEAL OCCLUSION 2. ESOPHAGEAL NECROSIS 3. ESOPHAGEAL RUPTURE |
| Asterixis is regarded as a sign of the development of which condition? | HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY |
| Which of the following electrolytes is frequently lost with pancreatitis? | CALCIUM |
| What is the most common cause of intestinal perforation? | APPENDICITIS |
| Direct bilirubin is: | 1. BOUND WITH GLUCURONIC ACID IN THE LIVER. 2. A WATER-SOLUBLE BILIRUBIN 3. A CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN |
| Indirect bilirubin is: | FAT-SOLUBLE AND UNCONJUGATED |
| The most common cause of portal hypertension is: | CIRRHOSIS |
| Cullen's sign | 1. BLUISH, ECCHYMOTIC AREA AROUND THE UMBILICUS. 2. PRESENTS WHEN BLOOD INFILTRATES THE ABDOMINAL WALL. |
| Grey-Turners sign | 1. ECCHYMOSIS OVER THE FLANK AREA 2. PRESENTS DUE TO RETROPERITONEAL BLEEDING |
| Coopernail's sign | 1. ECCHYMOSIS IN THE GROIN AREA. 2. PRESENTS DUE TO BLLEDING IN THE PELVIC AREA |
| Kehr's sign | 1. PAIN IN THE LEFT SHOULDER. 2. PRESENTS DUE TO A RUPTURED SPLEEN. |
| Halstead's sign | 1. MARBLED APPEARANCE ACCROSS THE ABDOMEN 2. SOMETIMES SEEN IN ABD TRAUMA. |
| Incubation period for hepatitis B | 6 to 9 weeks |
| The normal pressure inflation range for an esophageal balloon to tmponade is: | 20 to 45 mm/Hg |
| The normal portal pressure is: | less than 10 mm/Hg |
| ASTERIXIS | A TREMOR OF THE WRIST WHEN THE WRIST IS EXTENDED. |
Created by:
nerdismart
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