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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ◦ Up to 500 women are beaten to death annually. | false- FBI statistics report that up to 4000 women are beaten to death each year |
| · Family violence is most often committed by persons who suffer from mental illness | false-o Abuse is a learned behavior, not a mental illness |
| Violence rarely occurs between dating partners | o FALSE § Alcohol may be associated with violence, it does not cause the violence |
| Abused women can end the violence by divorcing their abuser | FALSE § US Department of Justice says that 3/4s of spousal attacks occur between people but is not caused by stress |
| Stress makes the abuser commit acts of domestic violence | FALSE § Violent behavior may be associated with stress but is not caused by stress |
| Battering frequently begins/escalates during pregnancy | TRUE-Reasons vary… · Abuser has low self-esteem · Views woman as property · Resents child and/or woman’s friends/family · § In a batteri |
| Victims may blame themselves for the abuse | TRUE § Many feel that their behavior or actions are responsible for the abuse |
| The victim can learn not to provoke violence in an abusive relationship | FALSE-In a battering relationship, the abuser needs no provocation to become violent |
| · The abusive, battering relationship may be characterized by the following phases | o Escalation – increasing tension, verbal disputes, minor battering o Violent eruption – often initiated from a “triggering” incident, resulting in violence o De-escalation – “cooling off” period during which the abuser often shows rem |
| Abused women typically delay reporting, conceal the source of their problem, are reluctant to seek help | Many do attempt to reveal their situation, however these attempts are often not recognized |
| The abusive, battering relationship repeat themselves | Progressing to a point where the victim loses hope, feels that there is nowhere to turn, feels trapped in the relationship. The victim tries to manage relationship, limit violence, protect herself and/or other family members |
| · The abuser… | o Is often over solicitous o Stays close to the victim o Attempts to answer questions directed to the victim |
| o Escalation | increasing tension, verbal disputes, minor battering |
| Violent eruption | often initiated from a “triggering” incident, resulting in violence |
| De-escalation | “cooling off” period during which the abuser often shows remorse; tenderness, concern for the victim is common |
| o Hope rekindled | the abuser shows remorse, apologizes, promises to change; it is during this phase that the victim often believes the abuser will change, causing her to remain in the relationship |
| Why Victims Stay: | Fear Lack of money/resources Lack of education or job skills Lack of housing |
| General Forms of Abuse: | Power/control, in general are usually at the core of an abusive, battering relationship · The abuse may be physical, sexual, economic, emotional and/or psychological in nature, or it may consist of threats |
| Physical Abuse: | Actual physical injury o Attempt to inflict physical injury o Threat of physical injury o Intimidation o Controlling access to the assistance necessary for survival, such as medication/medical attention |
| Sexual Abuse: | Attempts to engage in non-consensual sexual contact o Any exploitive/coercive, non-consensual sexual contact o Treating a person in a sexually derogatory manner (using sex as a source of control in a relationship) Forced prostitution |
| Economic Abuse: | Attempts to make a person completely dependent on the abuser for money and economic survival o Controlling a person’s money and forcing her to ask for and justify the need for money to buy food, clothes, etc |
| Emotional/Psychological Abuse: | o Controlling/limiting all of one’s activities including money spent, friends, work issues, clothing o Forced isolation o Intimidation o Destruction of pets and/or property o Harassment o Constant criticism o |
| Physical indicators: | Injuries which fail to account for the type/pattern of injuries described in the patient’s history Injuries which are not plausible based on the developmental stage of the patient Injuries during pregnancy Evidence of sexual assault Evidence of alcoho |
| GENERAL INDICATORS OF ABUSE | Physical |
| Intervention for the Adult Victim: | |
| 1. Consider the victim’s safety | The immediate and primary focus is the safety of the victim and of any children |
| 2. Empower the victim | . Encourage/help her to make own choices and to take control of situation 2. Provide her with support while remaining non-judgmental |
| 3. Refer the victim to appropriate resources: | Social service department 2. Domestic violence hotline phone numbers 3. Appropriate reference material |
| 4. Discuss the legal process with the victim | . Legally/professionally required to report the suspicion of child abuse |
| 5. Advise the victim that she may have photographs taken if she desires | Photos will become a legal part of the chart 2. Contact appropriate person to take pictures 3. Thorough documentation of request for photos 4. Keep photos in patient’s chart |
| o Emotional ties to the abuser | Alienation and/or isolation from family members Perception that there is no help.Religious/cultural reasons Tradition reinforces staying |
| · Reasons why the battered woman stays in the relationship include: | Inadequate day care for her children Family needs, especially the need for the children to have their father around Fear of losing custody of the children Discouragement of divorce |
| Threats: | Direct threat of harm to the victim Threats of abuse/harm to relatives or the significant others of the victim Blackmail Threat of suicide by the abuser |
| Behavioral indicators | Recurrent history suggestive of being accident prone Multiple, subtle, nonspecific complaints Repeated use of health care facilities Complaints of pain without tissue injury Suicidal ideation/suicide attempts Depression Substantial delay between |
| Symptoms frequently reported by adult victims | Headaches Chronic pain · Anxiety · Musculoskeletal complaints · Malaise and/or fatigue · Insomnia · Chest pain and/or palpitations · Hyperventilation · GI disorders Dyspareunia (painful intercourse) |
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