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S2 Molecule Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleic acids definition | Biomolecules made up of nucleotides to produce DNA or RNA polymers |
| What are the two types of nucleotides? | Deoxyribonucleotides in DNA and ribonucleotides in RNA |
| What are nucleoside monophosphates? | A form of nucleotide in a nucleic acid which is bound together by phosphodiester bonds in DNA and RNA |
| What are nucleoside triphosphates? | A form of nucleotide in a nucleic acid that are free floating monomers that also exist in cells for the production of DNA or RNA |
| What are the results from the X-ray diffraction experiments? | DNA has a helical structure composed of two strands, the diameter is similar throughout and it showed that sugar phosphate backbones were located outside of the sugars |
| Does RNA have to stay in the nucleus? | No |
| What is the key function of RNA? | To make proteins |
| Why is RNA not found in chromosomes? | Because it does not carry the genetic code, however it can read the DNA code and take info out of the nucleus |
| What are nucleotides composed of? | Nitrogenous base, pentose and a phosphate group |
| What is pentose? | A 5 carbon sugar |
| Nucleoside definition | Molecule composed of nitrogenous base linked to 5-carbon |
| What are the two families of the base component of nucleotides? | Pyrimidines and purines |
| What proteins are part of the pyrimidines group? | Cytosine, thymine and uracil |
| hat proteins are part of the purines group? | Guanine and adenine |
| In DNA, what does adenine pair with? | Thymine |
| In DNA, what does cytosine pair with? | Guanine |
| In RNA, what does adenine pair with? | Uracil |
| In RNA, what does cytosine pair with? | Guanine |
| What are polynucleotide chains? | Chains of RNA or DNA characterised by nitrogenous base and a sugar phosphate backbone |
| When does the replication of DNA occur? | During the synthesise or S phase of the cell cycle before the cell enters mitosis or meiosis |
| What is semiconservative replication? | After one round of replication, every new DNA double helix would be a hybrid that consisted of one strand of old DNA bound to one strand of newly synthesized DNA. |
| What is the origin of replication? | The position in DNA where the helix is first opened, it is marked by a particular sequence of genomes |
| How many origins of replication are in a bacterial genome? | 1 |
| ow many origins of replication are in a human genome? | 10,000 |
| What is a replication fork? | A Y-shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating |
| What enzyme catalyses the elongation of new strands of DNA at the replication fork? | DNA polymerases |
| What types of polymerases are involved in replication of bacteria? | pol I and pol III |
| How many types of polymerases are involved in the catalysation of eukaryotes? | At least 11 |
| What does DNA polymerase catalyse? | The addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand |
| What are segments of the lagging strand called? | Okazaki fragments |
Created by:
tarajdaly16
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