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AP U3 T5 (part 1)
photosynthesis - general terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| photosynthesis | the conversion of light energy to chemical energy |
| photoautotrophs | organisms that use light energy to produce organic molecules (food) from simple substances in their surroundings |
| autotrophs | Organisms that produce their own food (organic molecules) from simple substances in their surroundings |
| heterotrophs | Organisms unable to make their own food so they live off of other organisms |
| plants | autotrophs *specifically photoautotrophs |
| animals | heterotrophs |
| cyanobacteria | early prokaryotes capable of photosynthesis Oxygenated the atmosphere of early Earth |
| leaves | primary location of photosynthesis in most plants |
| chloroplast | organelle for the location of photosynthesis |
| mesophyll | cells that make up the interior tissue of a leaf |
| stomata | pores in leaves that allow CO2 in and O2 out |
| stroma | aqueous internal fluid of chloroplast |
| thylakoids | (inside chloroplast) stacks of flattened sacks that contain chlorophyll |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids |
| chlorophyll | green pigment found in thylakoid membranes |
| lumen | the space inside something **in this case inside a thylakoid |
| The product 02 comes from which reactant of photosynthesis? | The water |
| redox reaction | reaction involving complete or partial transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another **In photosynthesis: the electrons are transferred with H+ (from split H2O) to CO2 reducing it to sugar |
| oxidation | the loss of an electron or electrons |
| reduction | the gain of an electron or electrons |
| OIL RIG | oxidation is loss reduction is gain |
| 2 stages of photosynthesis | light dependent reactions light independent reactions (aka Calvin Cycle) |
| light | electromagnetic energy made of photons |
| photons | particles of energy |
| wavelength | the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next |
| electromagnetic spectrum | the entire range of electromagnetic (light) energy in our universe |
| Visible light spectrum | 380-750 nanometers (between infra-red and ultraviolet light) |
| short wavelengths | higher energy light (purples/blues) |
| long wavelengths | lower energy light (reds/oranges) |
| 3 things that can happen to light | reflected, absorbed, transmitted |
| pigments | chemicals able to absorb visible light |
| reflected light | the light that bounced off a pigment and hits us in the eye - this is what we see |
| absorbed light | energy absorbed by pigment will be converted to chemical energy |
| chlorophyll a | Primary pigment Involved in the light reactions Blue/green pigment |
| chlorophyll b | Accessory pigment Yellow/green pigment |
| carotenoids | Broaden the spectrum of colors that drive photosynthesis Yellow/orange pigment |
| why have more than one pigment? | to increase the amount of light absorbed by the plant |
| photoprotection | carotenoids absorb and dissipate excessive light energy that could damage chlorophyll or interact with oxygen |
| light reactions | Occur in the thylakoid membrane in the photosystems Converts solar energy to chemical energy |
Created by:
MrsCSciencetT
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