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Anatomy Exam
Anatomy Terms Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abdominal | Abdomen |
| Acromial | Point of shoulder |
| Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Antecubital | Elbow pit |
| AXILLIARY | Arm pit |
| BRACHIAL | Upper arm |
| BUCCAL | Cheek |
| CALCANEAL | Heel |
| CARPAL | Wrist |
| CEPHALIC | Whole head |
| CERVICAL | Neck |
| COXAL | Hip |
| CRURAL | Knee down |
| DIGITAL | Fingers |
| DIGITAL | Toes |
| DORSAL | Whole back |
| FEMORAL | Thigh |
| FIBULAR | Side of leg |
| FRONTAL | Forehead |
| GLUTEAL | Butt |
| HALLUX | Big toe |
| INGUINAL | Groin |
| LUMBAR | Lower back |
| MAMMARY | Breast |
| MANUS | Hand |
| MENTAL | Chin |
| NASAL | Nose |
| OCCIPITAL | Base of skull |
| OLECRANAL | Elbow |
| ORAL | Mouth |
| ORBITAL | Eye |
| OTIC | Ear |
| PALMAR | Palm |
| PATELLAR | Knee |
| PEDAL | Foot |
| PELVIC | Pelvis |
| PERINEAL | In between genitalia and anus |
| PLANTAR | Sole of foot |
| POLLEX | Thumb |
| POPLITEAL | Knee pit |
| PUBIC | Genitals |
| SACRAL | Above tail bone |
| SCAPULAR | Shoulder blade |
| STERNAL | Sternum |
| SURAL | Calves |
| TARSAL | Ankle |
| THORACIC | Chest |
| UMBILICAL | Navel |
| VERTEBRAL | Spine |
| Hydrocephalus | Head |
| Frontal plane | Divides body into front and back halves |
| Mid sagittal plane | Divides body into equal left and right halves |
| Para sagittal plane | Divides body into unequal left and right halves |
| Transverse plane | Divides the body horizontally |
| Parietal pleura | Outer layer lining on organs |
| Visceral pleura | Inner layer lining on organs |
| Proximal | Body part closer to the center |
| Distal | Body part father from the center |
| Medial | Towards the middle |
| Lateral | Away from the middle |
| Superior | Towards head or up |
| Inferior | Towards feet or down |
| Ventral | Front or anterior |
| Dorsal | Back or posterior |
| Superficial | Towards the surface or skin |
| Deep | Under the skin inside it |
| Homeostasis | Regulates body temperature, blood pressure, sugar levels, and iron level |
| What does no homeostasis cause? | Death |
| Two types of digestion? | Chemical and mechanical |
| Mechanical digestion is in where? | Chewing in mouth and churning in stomach |
| Chemcial digestion is in where? | Stomach acids and enzymes |
| What enzyme begins digestion? | Salivary Amylase |
| What does the Salivary Amylase do? | Break down carbohydrates into chains |
| What is Peristalsis? | Wave like contractions of smooth muscle that pushes food to stomach |
| How many sphincters does the stomach have? | 2, the cardiac sphincter and the pyloric sphincter |
| Where is the cardiac sphincter? | Top of the stomach connecting the esophagus |
| Where is the pyloric sphincter? | Bottom of the stomach connecting the small intestines |
| Which cavity is the heart in? | Thoracic cavity |
| Which cavity is the stomach in? | Abdominal cavity |
| What turns into pepsin through stomach acid? | Pepsinogen |
| What happens when sensors notices food? | It sends gastrin to regulate gastric juices |
| Where do carbohydrates start breaking down? | In the mouth |
| Where do proteins start breaking down? | In the stomach |
| Where do lipids start breaking down? | In the small instestines |
| How many sections are in the large intestine? | 3, duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| What are the acessory organs in the digestive system? | Pancreas, liver, gall bladder |
| What does cholecystokin (cck) do? | Sends signals to the gallbladder so it can release bile |
| What does enterogastrone do? | Slows down peristalsis |
| What does the liver do? | Produces bile |
| What does the pancreas do? | Produces enzymes to finish digesting |
| How many colons are in the large intestine? | 3 |
| What are the large intestine colons? | Ascending |
| What are intestines lined with? | E. coli, good bacteria |
| Define nutrient | Substance that promotes growth |
| What are the major nutrients? | Carbohydrates |
| What are micro nutrients? | Vitamins and minerals |
| What does nutrients go hand and hand with? | Exercise |
| What does the body need to make ATP? | Glucose from carbohydrates |
| What are the most abundant dietary lipids? | Triglycerides |
| What is the function of prostaglandin? | Smooths muscle contractions |
| What is the all or none rule? | All amino acids needed must be present at the same time for protein synthesis to happen |
| What is the adequacy of caloric intake? | Protein will be used as fuel if there is insufficient carbohydrate or fat available |
| What is positive nitrogen balance? | Synthesis exceeds breakdown |
| What is negative nitrogen balance? | Breakdown exceeds synthesis |
| Liver location | Top of abdominal cavity |
| Liver | Produces bile |
| Umbilical vein location | Behind the liver |
| Umbilical vein | Carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to fetus |
| Stomach location | Below liver |
| Stomach | J shaped organ with 4 layers |
| Spleen locations | Flap attached to stomach |
| Spleen | Fights off invading germs in blood |
| Parietal peritoneum locations | inside lining in abdominal cavity |
| Parietal peritoneum | Protects and supports abdomen and its organs |
| Gastric mucosa location | Inside stomach lining |
| Gastric mucosa | Protects stomach from acids |
| Rugae location | Wrinkles in stomach |
| Rugae | Helps expand and contract stomach |
| Cardiac sphincter location | Top of stomach |
| Cardiac sphincter | Connects stomach to esophagus |
| Plyoric sphincter location | Bottom left of stomach |
| Plyorics sphincter | Donut looking shape connecting stomach and duodenum |
| Duodenum location | Tube next to stomach and gallbladder |
| Duodenum | Connects stomach and small intestines |
| Gallbladder location | Under Liver |
| Gallbladder | Stores bile |
| Cystic duct | Connects gallbladder and small intestines |
| The hepatic duct | Connects liver and small intestines |
| Common bile duct | Joins the cystic and hepatic duct |
| Pancreas location | Under the stomach |
| Pancreas | Produces enzymes to finish digestion |
| Mesentery location | Inside the small intestine |
| Mesentery | Anchors the small intestine into one clump |
| Kidney location | Under the intestines |
| Kidney | Removes waste and extra fluid |
| Rectum location | Tude under intestines and in between kidneys |
| Rectum | Stores and exits waste |
| Epiglottis locations | Flap in the way back of throat |
| Epiglottis | Separates food and air into the right places |
| Pharynx location | Around the epiglottis |
| Pharynx | Connects nose and mouth |
| Vestibule location | Skin between teeth and inner cheek at the bottom of mouth |
| Lingual frenulum location | Under the tongue |
| Lingual Frenulum | Anchors the tongue to the bottom of mouth |
| Papilae location | Top of tongue |
| Papilae | Grips food and contains taste buds |
| Soft palate location | Above epiglottis |
| Soft palate | Separates mouth and nose tubes |
| Hard palate location | Roof of the mouth above soft palate |
| Hard palate | Separates nose and mouth |
| Eustachian tube location | Behind soft palate |
| Eustachian tube | Connects mouth to ears |
| Abdominopelvic cavity location | Lower torso below diaphragm |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | Cavity that contains your digestive system organs |
| Diaphragm location | Area above liver |
| Diaphragm | Separates your abdominal cavity from your thoracic cavity |
| Gingiva | Gums |
| Greater omentum | Separates parietal and visceral peritoneum |
| Greater or lateral curvature | Fundus, top of stomach |
| Lesser or medial curvature | Bottom part of stomach |
| Meconium | First shit |
| Thoracic cavity | Chest space |
| Villi | Small finger-like projections increasing surface area in small intestines |
| Jejunum location | Top half of small intestines |
| Ileum location | Bottom half of small intestines |
| Cecum/Caecum | Connects colon to small intestines |
| Ascending Colon | Large intestine part going up |
| Transverse colon | Large intestine part going horizontal |
| Signoid colon | Large intestine part connecting the descending colon and rectum |
| Gullet | opening of the esophagus |
| Colon job | reabsorb water |
| Vermiform appendix | Tube attached to the end of the cecum |
| Teniae coli | Helps facilitate muscle contractions |
| Haustra | Indents in colon giving it a segmented apperance |
| Hormonal control | Anabolic hormones accelerate protein synthesis |
| Organic compounds are needed for what? | Growth and good health |
| What are the only vitamins synthesized in the body? | Vitamins D, K, and B |
| Where are water-soluble vitamins absorbed? | In the gastrointestinal tract |
| What vitamins act in antioxidant cascade? | Vitamins A, C, and E |
| What prevents toxic overload? | Balances uptake and excretion |
| Cellular respiration: | Food fuels are broken down within cells and some energy is captured to produce ATP |
| Anabolic reactions: | Synthesis of larger molecules to form smaller ones |
| Catabolic reactions: | Hydrolysis of complex structures into simpler ones |
| What moves blood to the heart? | Veins |
| What moves blood away from the heart? | Arteries |
| What do capillaries do? | Connect veins and arteries |
| Hormones do what? | Regulate things in the body |
| What is the only vein with oxygenated blood? | Pulmonary vein |
| What is the only artery with deoxygenated blood? | Pulmonary artery |
| Why do veins only have one way to valves? | To prevent blood from flowing backwards |
| How many lobes does a persons right lung have? | Three |
| How many lobes does a persons left lung have? | Two |
| What are colds and flus causes by? | Viruses |
| Viruses: | Non living particles with genetic material |
| Bacteria: | Living organisms with DNA metabolism and self reproduction |
| What is the first line of defense in our bodies immune system? | Skin mucus cillia and phagocytes |
| What does mucus have that can destroy bacteria cell walls? | Lysozymes |
| What does sweat and oil have? | Anti-microbial chemicals with some antibodies |
| What causes inflammation? | Histamine released by mast cells |
| Why does our skin get inflamed? | To raise the temperature in an attempt to kill sensitive microbes |
| Role of fever: | Defense mechanism that can destroy many types of microbes |
| When do vitamins work? | When there is a deficiency |
| What are the major immune players? | Macrophages, T cells, B cells, and antibodies |
| What causes T cells to launch an immune response? | Reconigzing cells as not self |
| What makes antibodies? | B cells |
| Antibodies are connected with what? | Di-sulfide bridges |
| What can a hyperactive immune system do? | Stop regulations |
| What does the humoral response allow? | The body to achieve immunity |
| Cell-mediated response: | Last line of defense when cells are breached |
| When can T cells detect whole antigens? | When they're diced up |
| What do Helper T cells do? | Call shots help activate killing cells and raise alarm |
| What do B lymphocytes have? | Membrane-bound antibodies to get antigens |
| 2nd line of innate immunity causes what? | Fever chemical signals and inflammation |
| Natural killer cells do what? | Patrol blood and lymph for abnormal cells |
| What salts harden bone? | Calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium |
Created by:
skyowner16
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