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Anatomy Ch. 7
Anatomy Ch. 7 Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smooth muscle | not striated, involuntary, spindle shape, found lining internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | striated, involuntary, branched cylinder shape, found in heart |
| skeletal muscle | striated, voluntary, cylinder shape, found attached to bones |
| muscle fiber | a muscle cell; made up of actin and myosin myofilaments |
| endomysium | Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber |
| fascicle | a bundle of muscle fibers |
| perimysium | Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle |
| epimysium | connective tissue surrounding an entire muscle |
| atrophy | decrease in muscle size due to lack of use |
| hypertrophy | increase in muscle size due to excess use |
| isometric | contraction of muscle WITHOUT movement (means same length) |
| isotonic | contraction of muscle WITH movement (means same tone) |
| fatigue | when a muscle relaxes in the presence of continued stimulation |
| muscle twitch | when a muscle contracts and then relaxes from a single stimulus |
| summation | the accumulation of many repeated stimuli to the muscle until reaching tetanus |
| tetanus | maximal sustained contraction of a muscle |
| NMJ | where a neuron fiber meets but does not touch a muscle fiber |
| oxygen debt | temporary lack of oxygen to the muscle leading to anaerobic respiration and lactic acid buildup |
| buccinator | compresses cheeks as in whistling |
| zygomaticus | Raises corner of mouth (smiling) |
| frontalis | raises eyebrows |
| masseter | closes jaw (prime mover) |
| temporalis | closes jaw (synergist) |
| orbicularis oculi | Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting |
| orbicularis oris | closes and protrudes lips (kissing muscle) |
| trapezius | extends neck, shrugs shoulders |
| sternocleidomastoid (SCM) | flexes neck; rotates head |
| biceps brachii | flexes lower arm |
| deltoid | abducts arm |
| latissimus dorsi | adducts and extends arm (behind you) |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes arm (in front of you) |
| serratus anterior | drops shoulder/raises arm (pushing) |
| rectus abdominus | flexes vertebral column; vertical muscle of abdomen |
| transverse abdominis | compresses abdomen; horizontal muscle of abdomen |
| internal oblique | compresses abdomen, diagonal fibers, DEEP muscle of the abdomen |
| external oblique | compresses abdomen, diagonal fibers, SUPERFICIAL muscle of the abdomen |
| triceps brachii | extends lower arm |
| adductor group | ADDUCTS thigh/leg |
| gluteus minimus | ABDUCTS thigh/leg |
| gluteus maximus | extends thigh/leg |
| iliopsoas | flexes thigh/leg |
| quadriceps group | extends lower leg (kicking) |
| hamstring group | flexes lower leg |
| gastrocnemius | plantar flexion of foot |
| tibialis anterior | dorsiflexion of foot |
| sartorius | flexes leg at an angle (sitting cross-legged) |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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