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Ento 210 Study Guide
study guide for the first exam for entomology 210
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of infection means that a patient is showing symptoms? A. Subclinical B. Clinical | B. Clinical |
| What are the three types of disease? A. Virus, Zoonosis, Febrile B. Febrile, Hemorrhagic, Encephalitic C. Serotype, Protozoan, Pathogen D. Sylvatic, Epidemic, Endemic | B. Febrile, Hemorrhagic, Encephalitic |
| Which type of disease has inflammation of the brain and spinal cord? A. Febrile B. Hemorrhagic C. Encephalitic | C. Encephalitic |
| _____ is the state of having a pathogen. A. Infection B. Disease | A. Infection |
| True or False? Vectors transmit diseases. | FALSE - vectors transmit pathogens, which carry the disease |
| In the disease cycle, what is the organism whose presence may or may not cause disease? A. Dead-End Host B. Vector C. Pathogen D. Amplifying Host | C. Pathogen |
| Which type of host can carry a pathogen but not show symptoms? A. Amplifying Host B. Reservoir Host C. Dead-End Host | B. Reservoir Host |
| A dead-end host is a host that cannot pass a _______ to a ________. A. pathogen, vector B. vector, pathogen | A. pathogen, vector |
| True or False? An endemic is a new emergent pathogen or mutation and an epidemic is a pathogen that is always around and is predictable. | FALSE |
| Which of these is in the correct order? A. Sylvatic -> Urban -> Rural B. Urban -> Rural -> Sylvatic C. Rural -> Sylvatic -> Urban D. Sylvatic -> Rural -> Urban | D. Sylvatic -> Rural -> Urban |
| ____________ is when a vector can pick up, harbor, and transmit a pathogen to a host. A. Vectoral Capacity B. Zoonosis C. Vector Competency | C. Vector Competency |
| Vectoral capacity can be affected by..... 1. Physiology 2. Serotype 3. Behavior 4. Host Factors 5. Competency 6. Environment A. 1, 3, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 3, 6 C. 2, 4, 5, 6, D. 1, 3, 4, 6 E. 2, 3, 4, 6 | D. 1, 3, 4, 6 |
| What are the four forces of evolution? | Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, Natural Selection |
| ________ is the outer layer of skin, and sometimes shells, on arthropods. | Chitinous Cuticle |
| Which type of infection means that a patient is showing symptoms? A. Subclinical B. Clinical | B. Clinical |
| What are the three types of disease? A. Virus, Zoonosis, Febrile B. Febrile, Hemorrhagic, Encephalitic C. Serotype, Protozoan, Pathogen D. Sylvatic, Epidemic, Endemic | B. Febrile, Hemorrhagic, Encephalitic |
| Which type of disease has inflammation of the brain and spinal cord? A. Febrile B. Hemorrhagic C. Encephalitic | C. Encephalitic |
| _____ is the state of having a pathogen. A. Infection B. Disease | A. Infection |
| True or False? Vectors transmit diseases. | FALSE - vectors transmit pathogens, which carry the disease |
| In the disease cycle, what is the organism whose presence may or may not cause disease? A. Dead-End Host B. Vector C. Pathogen D. Amplifying Host | C. Pathogen |
| Which type of host can carry a pathogen but not show symptoms? A. Amplifying Host B. Reservoir Host C. Dead-End Host | B. Reservoir Host |
| A dead-end host is a host that cannot pass a _______ to a ________. A. pathogen, vector B. vector, pathogen | A. pathogen, vector |
| True or False? An endemic is a new emergent pathogen or mutation and an epidemic is a pathogen that is always around and is predictable. | FALSE |
| Which of these is in the correct order? A. Sylvatic -> Urban -> Rural B. Urban -> Rural -> Sylvatic C. Rural -> Sylvatic -> Urban D. Sylvatic -> Rural -> Urban | D. Sylvatic -> Rural -> Urban |
| ____________ is when a vector can pick up, harbor, and transmit a pathogen to a host. A. Vectoral Capacity B. Zoonosis C. Vector Competency | C. Vector Competency |
| Vectoral capacity can be affected by..... 1. Physiology 2. Serotype 3. Behavior 4. Host Factors 5. Competency 6. Environment A. 1, 3, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 3, 6 C. 2, 4, 5, 6, D. 1, 3, 4, 6 E. 2, 3, 4, 6 | D. 1, 3, 4, 6 |
| What are the four forces of evolution? | Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, Natural Selection |
| ________ is the outer layer of skin, and sometimes shells, on arthropods. | Chitinous Cuticle |
| Arthropods are at least _________ of all living animal species. A. 80% B. 65% C. 30% D. 50% | A. 80% |
| The three parts of all arthropods are the ____, which holds the guts and sexual organs, ____, which holds the eyes and antennae, and the ____, which holds the legs and wings. 1. Thorax 2. Head 3. Abdomen A. 3, 2, 1 B. 1, 3, 2 C. 3, 1, 2 | A. 3, 2, 1 |
| The evolution of ______ allowed for dispersal and colonization of new habitats. A. Mouths B. Fur C. Asexual Reproduction D. Wings | D. Wings |
| True or False? Arthropods are a great source of protein and have all the nutrients that an organism needs to survive. | False- Arthropods ARE a great source of protein and are great sources of fats, micronutrients, and minerals but one cannot survive off of just arthropods. |
| The world's most dangerous animal is a/an __________. A. Mosquito B. Bear C. Shark D. Flea | A. Mosquito |
| _______ is the passage of pathogens by vectors who feed on blood. A. Phytophagy B. Holometabolous C. Hematophagy D. Entomophagy | C. Hematophagy |
| True or False? Endosymbionts are bacteria in an insects gut that provides the missing nutrients. | TRUE |
| In what order to vectors find a host? 1. Attraction 2. Appetitive Searching 3. Activation and Orientation A. 3, 1, 2 B. 1, 2, 3 C. 2, 3, 1 D. 3, 2, 1 | C. 2, 3, 1 |
| ______ is when a vector is deciding whether to commence feeding. A. Activation and Orientation B. Attraction C. Appetitive Searching | B. Attraction |
| Odor, Heat, and Vision are part of..... A. Appetitive Searching B. Activation and Orientation C. Attraction | B. Activation and Orientation |
| True or False? "Public Information" is a combination of cues or signals | TRUE |
| How do insects combat the challenges of blood feeding? | Vasodilators, anti-platelet aggregators, anti-coagulants, anti-inflammatory compounds |
| What are the six stylets of the mosquito labium? | Maxillae (2), Mandibles (2), Labrum, Hypopharynx |
| What is the function of the two Maxillae? | To saw through tissue. |
| What is the function of the Hypopharynx? | Insert saliva into the host. |
| What is the function of the Labrum? | The food channel (blood is sucked up) |
| What is the function of the two Mandibles? | To hold the tissue open while the labrum sucks the blood. |
| What are the characteristics of insects who pool feed? | Skin is sliced open, spongy mouth is used to suck blood. pathogen hides in the skin |
| What are the characteristics of insects who capillary feed? | Mouth parts are flexible and the labrum and hypopharynx are inserted directly into the capillaries. pathogen hides in the blood |
| What are defenses hosts have to combat blood-feeding insects? | Haemostasias (blood clotting), vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation, inflammation |
| _____ ectoparasites eat large blood meals- as much as they can, as fast as they can. | temporary |
| _____ ectoparasites eat small blood meals - stay with you to have as many blood meals as possible. | permanent |
| What are the two types of Autogenous blood feeders? | Obligatory and Facultative |
| What is the difference between facultative and obligatory blood feeders? | facultative blood feeders will try to find blood before they lay eggs, but are able to without finding blood. obligatory blood feeders will lay eggs without finding blood. |
| True or False? Autogenous blood feeders must take a blood meal before its first egg batch. | FALSE- this is true for ANautogenous blood feeders. |
| High fecundity, smaller body size, short generation times, wide dispersal, and fast maturing are all characteristics of...... | R-Strategists |
| Low fecundity, parental care, large body size, and longer generation times are all characteristics of.... | K-Strategists. |
| True or False? K-Strategists have a high survival rate while R-Strategists have a high mortality rate. | TRUE |
| Most pathogens are ____-Strategists. | R |
| ______ is the degree of pathogenicity of an infectious pathogen. | Virulence |
| ____ virulence usually has a high mortality rate. | High |
| Pathogens should evolve to (maximize/minimize) damage to the host. | minimize |
| What does "V" stand for in the vectoral capacity equation? | Vector competence |
| What does "n" stand for in the vectoral capacity equation? | extrinsic incubation period |
| What does "a" stand for in the vectoral capacity equation? | number of human blood meals per day |
| What does "m" stand for in the vectoral capacity equation? | number of vectors per human |
| What does "P" stand for in the vectoral capacity equation? | daily survival rate of vector |
| True or False? Allergic reactions are caused by Allergens | TRUE |
| What are the three types of reactions? | local, large local, and systemic |
| Which of the three allergic reactions lead to anaphylactic shock? | systemic |
| What causes anaphylactic shock? | The constriction of airways that result in low blood pressure. |
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