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Biology revision 1

Genes, DNA, Chromosomes

TermDefinition
GENE a section of a DNA molecule that provides instructions for building a specific protein. Genes are located in the same position on both chromosomes in a pair.
CHROMOSOME a chromosome is a thread like structure that contains DNA which carries genetic information.
ALLELE an alternate form of a gene. The allele is found at the same place on a chromosome.
LOCUS the location of a particular gene on a chromosome.
KAYROTYPE the number of chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism.
DNA a molecule that carries genetic information. It has all the instructions that a living organism needs to grow, reproduce and function.
NUCLEUS a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
DIPLOID two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
HAPLOID a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
SEX CHROMOSOME a chromosome that determines the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism that carry the same genes, one from each parent.
GAMETES gametes are an organism's reproductive cells; female gametes are eggs and male gametes are sperm. It is a haploid cell, and each cell only carries one copy of each chromosome.
AUTOSOME autosomes are a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
RIBOSOME a ribosome is an RNA translator, building proteins from amino acids using messenger RNA as a template.
AMINO ACID the smallest building blocks of living things. They combine together to produce larger particles called protein.
RNA a nucleic acid that is present in all living cells. Its role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. In some viruses, RNA carries genetic information rather than DNA.
CODON a codon is three nucleotides which form a unit of genetic code in DNA or RNA.
Created by: s615412
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