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DNA, genes+mutations

DNA, genes+ mutations

QuestionAnswer
Cell the basic unit of life
Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
DNA A complex molecule containing the genetic information of an organism
Allele an alternate form that a gene
Gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Nucleus Control center of the cell, contains genetic information
Bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Protein made of one or more chains of amino acids
Mutation any alterations in sequence DNA on a chromosome
Down Syndrome a condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Point mutation gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
Substitution mutation A nucleotide base and its complimentary base pair are substituted for another
Insertion mutation the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence
Deletion mutation frame-shift mutation where a nucleotide is deleted from the genetic material
Frameshift mutation mutation that shifts the frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
Codon A sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
Amino acids building blocks of proteins
Locus location of a gene on a chromosome
Homologous pair the 23 pairs of human chromosomes
Karyotype A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs
Down Syndrome a condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Centromere Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Haploid A cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (sex cells)
Diploid an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes (body cells)
Homologous pair the 23 pairs of human chromosomes
Chromatid one half of a duplicated chromosome
Dominant a trait that dominates another form of that trait
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
Created by: justineforrest
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