Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 6 Vocab
Chapter 6: Meiosis and Mendel
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Somatic Cell | make up most of your body tissues and organs |
| Gamete | sex cells-ova, or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cells in the male |
| Homologous Chromosome | are two chromosomes- one inherited from the mother, one from the father- that have the same length and general appearance |
| Autosome | chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
| Sex Chromosome | directly control the development of sexual characteristics |
| Sexual Reproduction | involves the fusion of two gametes, resulting in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents |
| Fertilization | fusion of an egg and a sperm cell |
| Diploid | a cell has two copies of each chromosome: one copy from the mother, and one copy from the father |
| Haploid | a cell has only one copy of each chromosome |
| Meiosis | a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells |
| Gametogenesis | the production of gametes |
| Sperm | the male gamete |
| Egg | the female gamete |
| Polar Body | cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down |
| Trait | distinguishing characteristics that are inherited (i.e., eye color, leaf shape, tail length, etc.) |
| Genetics | the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms |
| Purebred | line of organisms that becomes genetically uniform |
| Cross | the mating of two organisms |
| Law of Segregation | organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent. Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the two copies of each gene segregate during the gamete formation. |
| Gene | a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein |
| Allele | any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus |
| Homozygous | describes wo of the same alleles at a specific locus |
| heterozygous | describes two different alleles at a specific locus |
| Genome | all an organism’s genetic material |
| Genotype | typically refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes |
| Phenotype | physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism |
| dominant | the allele that is expressed when two different alleles are two dominant alleles are present |
| Recessive | the allele that is expressed only when two copies are present |
| Punnett Square | a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross |
| Monohybrid Cross | crosses the examine the inheritance of only one specific trait |
| Testcross | a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype |
| Dihybrid Cross | crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits |
| Law of Independent Assortment | states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis |
| Probability | the likelihood that a particular even will happen |
| Crossing Over | the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I |
| Genetic Linkage | genes located close together tend to be inherited together |
Created by:
SavanahT
Popular Biology sets