Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Body Systems
Endocrine/Nervous/Immune Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are hormones? | The body’s chemical messenger molecules |
| What are the JOBS (ROLES/FUNCTIONS) of hormones? | Hormones send signals/messages into the bloodstream and tissues. Hormones affect many different processes, including growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. |
| How are hormones transported (moved) through the body? | Through the bloodstream |
| What are receptor molecules? | Special molecules (proteins) that receive signals for a cell. Have a specific shape! |
| Where are receptor molecules found? | Found on cell membrane |
| Pituitary (master gland) What hormone is produced and what is its job? | --Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) -----Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone. --Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) -----Stimulates the ovaries to develop eggs; stimulates the testes to produce sperm. |
| Thyroid What hormone is produced and what is its job? | --Thyroxine ---increases the rate of chemical reactions in cells helps control growth and development. |
| Adrenals What hormone is produced and what is its job? | --Adrenaline --triggers the body's fight-or-flight response. |
| Pancreas What hormone is produced and what is its job? | --Insulin ---Decreases blood glucose (sugar) levels --Glucagon ---Increases blood glucose (sugar) levels |
| Ovaries What hormone is produced and what is its job? | --Estrogen ---regulates the growth & development of the human reproductive system --Progesterone ---to prepare the lining of the uterus for a fertilized egg to implant and grow. |
| Testes What hormone is produced and what is its job? | --Testosterone ---Regulates the production of sperm. |
| What is a feedback mechanism? | a loop in which a product feeds back to control its own production |
| What is negative feedback? | a feedback loop where an increase in one substance triggers a decrease in another substance This type of feedback brings things back to normal whenever they start to become too extreme. |
| DISORDER: Diabetes | Your body can't control blood glucose (sugar) level. The pancreas is not producing enough insulin to regulate blood sugar. |
| DISORDER: Goiter | Caused by an Iodine deficiency (not having enough) The body needs iodine to produce thyroid hormone. If you do not have enough iodine in your diet, the thyroid can't make the hormones it should make |
| What is a neuron? | --Nerve Cells -- they are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, --they receive and send sensory messages |
| What is the synapse? | The space between 2 neurons (nerve cells) |
| What are the two parts of an impulse? | --Electrical part travels along the axon (depolarization of the axon-the negative part switches to positive) IT CAN'T JUMP ACROSS THE SYNAPSE --Chemical part: Terminal branch releases a neurotransmitter to help the impulse jump across the synapse |
| How is a neurotransmitter released? How does it stimulate the next neuron? | When an impulse gets to the axon terminal (end), the axon terminal releases a neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters jump the synapse & attach to receptors on the membrane of the other cell. (remember they attach based on SHAPE!) |
| How does a substance like novocain work to keep a person from feeling pain during a cavity filling? | Novocaine blocks the impulse (pain signal) from attaching to the receptor molecules. It is the same shape molecule, so it can attach and block the pain impulse. |
| What is an antigen? Where are they found? | A special protein found on the cell membrane (like a bar code on a product at the store) Your body is able to determine if this is SELF or NON-SELF |
| What is an antibody? | A type of protein (made by white blood cells) released into the bloodstream--they are produced in response to a foreign antigen They “mark” a pathogen for DESTRUCTION |
| What is a pathogen? Examples. | A microbe that disrupts homeostasis and can cause illness Examples: viruses, bacteria, fungus, parasite |
| Which cells help us fight infection from pathogens? | White blood cells (leukocytes) |
| What are the two types of immunity? | Active Immunity & Passive Immunity |
| How are Active Immunity and Passive Immunity different? | Active- YOUR Lymphocytes make antibodies to a pathogen. Ex: getting sick with a disease/virus, getting a vaccine Passive- you get antibodies made by another organism Examples: babies from their mother’s milk while breast feeding,& anti-venom |
| Active Immunity | GIVES Long term immunity |
| Passive Immunity | GIVES temporary immunity |
| What are memory cells? Why are they important? | -Memory Cells are created after an ACTIVE immune response -----they are important because if you are ever exposed to that pathogen again, your body is able to recognize it and fight it before you get sick. |
| What are the two major categories of white blood cells? Which of those two produces antibodies? | --T Cells & B Cells (both lymphocytes) --B Cell Lymphocytes produce antibodies |
| What is a vaccination? What type of immune response does it trigger? | A vaccine (or vaccination) is: part/fragment of a pathogen, inactive form of a pathogen, weakened form of the pathogen, or a dead pathogen/ Triggers an ACTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE--you will have memory cells after this! |
| What are antiviral drugs? | Drugs that stop viral replication (reproduction) |
| What are antibiotics? Why can’t they be used to treat a viral infection? | Chemicals that kill bacteria (they only kill LIVING PATHOGENS) Used to TREAT an infection from a living microbe--BACTERIA |
| What is an allergy? | An Allergy happens when a person reacts to substances in the environment that are harmless to most people. (pollen from flowers, dander from cats/dogs |
| What is happening when a person has an autoimmune disease such as diabetes? | Your immune system attacks itself. Your body does not recognize the antigen that is YOU and attacks itself! |
| Why would someone take immunosuppressant drugs if they were given an organ transplant? | Immunosuppressant drugs are given to keep the body from attacking the new organ. This happens because your body does not recognize the new organ as “self” because the antigens are different from original “self.” |
| What is the risk to being on immunosuppressant drugs? | The problem with these drugs is that they make you more vulnerable to catching diseases from pathogens--they stop your immune system from working so well. |
Created by:
Mrs. Curcio
Popular Biology sets