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Genetics
test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the two main influences on an organism? | Heredity - the passing of traits from parents to offspring Environment - any outside force acting acting on an organism |
| What is the difference between species traits and individual traits? | -Species traits - characteristics that all members of a species share (how they are alike) -Individual traits - characteristics That make each organism of a species unique (how individuals are different) |
| How are “genotype” and “phenotype” used in genetics? | -Genotype - symbols used to represent a trait (ex. - BB, Bb, bb) -Phenotype - physical expression of a trait (ex. - brown eyes, blue eyes) |
| What do the terms "homozygous" and "heterozygous" mean? | -Homozygous - both alleles for a gene are identical (ex. - BB, bb) -Heterozygous - alleles for a gene are not identical (ex. Bb) |
| Why are the terms "dominant" and "recessive" important when explaining heredity? | - Dominant - allele (trait) that prevents a recessive allele from being expressed -Recessive - allele that is prevented from showing (by a dominant one) |
| What is important about Gregor Mendel? | father of genetics |
| Explain the Law of Segregation. How does it apply to genetics and heredity? | -Law of segregation - traits (alleles) separate from each other when they form the gametes of an organism -each inherited trait is defined as a gene pair |
| What is the Principle of Dominance? | -principle of dominance - some alleles can prevent others from showing |
| Define the Law of Independent Assortment. | -Law of independent assortment - alleles for different traits are inherited separately. (inheritance of one trait does not influence another) |
| What is the Law of Large Numbers and how does it apply to genetics? | -Law of large numbers: as more trials are performed, probabilities become more accurate |
| Explain the difference between codominance and incomplete dominance. | -Codominance - both traits are expressed separately in the phenotype (two phenotypes show) -Incomplete dominance - no allele (trait) is prevented from being expressed (one phenotype shows) |
| Describe gene linking and what law of genetics it contradicts. | -Gene linking - traits that are inherited together (as a group) -it contradicts the law of independent assortment |
| What is a mutation? | -sudden change in the DNA sequence |
| What is the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation? | -Gene mutation (point mutations) - changes that involve one (or a few) genes -Chromosomal mutations - changes in the number or structure of a chromosome |
| What is probability? How is it related to our study of genetics? | -(Probability) - the chances (likelihood) of an event occurring -It is related by the chance of a gene occurring in a gene pool |
| What process must cells go through to become gametes? | meiosis |
| Why is meiosis important? | It makes sure the diploid set separated and comes back together |
| What is the importance of asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction? | Asexual - genetically identical diploid daughter cells Sexual - genetic diversity |
| How are “multiple alleles” and “polygenic traits” different? | Multiple alleles - a gene that has many expressions/alleles Polygenic traits - traits controlled by 2 or more genes |
| Outline the two basic views on the origins of living things. | Theory of creation - God created everything with a common theme Theistic evolution - god created everything but used evolution to do it |
Created by:
KiahnaL
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