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BIO 182 Chapter 26

History of Life on Earth and Human Evolution

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Prokaryote a member of the domain bacteria or archaea. lacks nucleus and compartmentalization.
Eukaryote a member of the domain Eukarya. has cell compartmentalization and nucleus. includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals
Cyanobacteria photosynthetic prokaryotes, originated approximately 3.5 bya, the first organisms known to have produced O2
Fossil Any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood, oil, coal, and DNA remnants.
Fossil record totality of fossils. history of life as documented by fossils, the remains or imprints of organisms from earlier geological periods preserved in sedimentary rock.
Paleontologist a scientist who studies fossils
Sedimentary Rocks Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale. These rocks often start as sediments carried in rivers and deposited in lakes and oceans. When buried, the sediments lose water and become cemented to form rock
Eon a major division of geological time, divided into eras
Era a division of geological time that represents the major stages in the macroscopic fossil record. Eras are separated by catastrophic extinction boundaries
Period a sub-division of an era
Extinction the end of the existence of a species or a group of species
Continental Drift The process by which, over the course of billions of years, the major landmasses, know as the continents, have shifted their positions, changed their shapes, and, in some cased, become separated from each other
P-T Boundary PermTria ext formed boundary betw Permian & Triassic geo periods & betw Paleozoic & Mesozoic eras ~251.9 mya Earth's most severe ext event w/ ext of 57% bio families 83% genera 81% marine species 70% terrestrial verteb species, largest mass extinction of
Created by: lailahsmith
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