Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Vocab Ch.5
Honors Biology Ch.5 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amphipathic molecule | Having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region |
| aquaporin | A channel protein in the plasma membrane of a plant, animal, or microorganism cell that specifically facilitates osmosis, the diffusion of free water across the membrane. |
| concentration gradient | A region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases. |
| cytolysis | the usually pathological dissolution or disintegration of cells. |
| diffusion | The random thermal motion of particles of liquids, gases, or solids. |
| endocytosis | Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane. |
| exocytosis | The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane. |
| facilitated diffusion | The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with the assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins, requiring no energy expenditure. |
| flaccid | Limp. Lacking turgor (stiffness or firmness), as in a plant cell in surroundings where there is a tendency for water to leave the cell. |
| fluid mosaic model | The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids. |
| gated channel | A transmembrane protein channel that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus. |
| glycolipid | A lipid with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates. |
| glycoprotein | A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates. |
| hypertonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water. |
| hypotonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water. |
| integral protein | A transmembrane protein with hydrophobic regions that extend into and often completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane and with hydrophilic regions in contact with the aqueous solution on one or both sides of the membrane |
| ion channel | A transmembrane protein channel that allows a specific ion to diffuse across the membrane down its concentration or electrochemical gradient |
| isotonic | Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, causes no net movement of water into or out of the cell. |
| ligand | A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one. |
| membrane potential | The difference in electrical charge (voltage) across a cell’s plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions |
| osmoregulation | Regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism. |
| osmosis | The diffusion of free water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy. |
| peripheral protein | A protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer. |
| phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell |
| pinocytosis | the method by which a cell absorbs small particles outside the cell and brings them inside. |
| plasmolysis | A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment. |
| proton pump | An active transport protein in a cell membrane that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient, generating a membrane potential in the process. |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis | a form of endocytosis in which receptor proteins on the cell surface are used to capture a specific target molecule |
| selective permeability | A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them |
| sodium-potassium pump | A transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell |
| tonicity | The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water. |
| transport protein | A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane. |
| turgid | Swollen or distended, as in plant cells |
Created by:
nevaehfaith
Popular Biology sets