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Elem/Infl of Weather
Elements of Weather and What Influences Weather (Grade 7 Science)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Weather | Condition of the atmosphere at a certain time in place. |
| Humidity | The amount of water vapor in the air. |
| Relative Humidity | The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the total amount of water vapor when saturated. |
| Dew Point | The temperature at which the rate of condensation is greater than the rate of evaporation. |
| Air Pressure | The force of air pressing down on earth's surface. |
| Visibility | The distance one can see, that can be reduced by fog and air pollution. |
| Front | Boundary between two air masses. |
| Temperature | Measurement of how hot or cold the air is. |
| Thermometer | Instrument is used to measure and display temperature |
| Unsaturated air | more water is able to evaporate into the air than will condense back into the water |
| Saturated air | The amount of water that evaporates equals the amount that condenses |
| What happens when air cools below its dew point? | More water vapor condenses into water than evaporates |
| Water vapor in the air condenses not only on Earth's surfaces, but on tiny particles in the air to form ____________________________. | Clouds |
| When inside a cloud, droplets formed by condensation collide and form larger droplets in what common form of precipitation? | Rain |
| How does snow form? | When air temperatures are so low that water vapor turns into a solid. |
| Hail | When ball or lumps of layered ice fall from clouds during thunderstorms it is called _______________________. |
| Sleet | When rain falls through a layer of freezing air, producing falling ice. |
| cirrus clouds | Clouds that are feathery or wispy and made of ice crystals. They form when the wind is strong. |
| cumulus clouds | Clouds that form in fair weather but if they keep growing taller, they can produce thunderstorms. |
| stratus clouds | Clouds that form in flat layers. If they are low and dark they can block out the sun & produce steady drizzle or rain. |
| Barometer | Measures air pressure |
| How are air pressure and density related? | They both decrease with altitude. |
| Anemometer | measures wind speed |
| Wind vane | measures wind direction |
| Uneven heating of Earth's surface causes air pressure difference and wind. So wind moves from areas of _______________________ pressure to areas of _____________________ pressure. | Higher to lower |
| Visibility can be affected by air pollution and ________________. | Fog |
| psychrometer | measures relative humidity and dew point |
| 4 types of precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, hail |
| Water cycle | Continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, the oceans, and living things. |
| Evaporation affects weather by ____________________________ | Increasing water vapor into the atmosphere where moisture can form clouds and precipitation |
| Condensation affects weather by __________________________________ | Cooling water vapor and changes from a gas to a liquid, so a change affects humidity and visibility when clouds and fog form. |
| Air mass | A large volume of air in which temperature and moisture content are nearly the same throughout. |
| How does an air mass form? | When air over a large region of Earth stays in one area for many days. |
| Where do fronts often do not occur, and why? | Near the equator and poles because air masses there do not have big temperature differences. |
| Cold Front | Cold air pushes up a warm air mass |
| If a cold front is headed to your area, what type of weather might you expect? | Heavy rain or snow and cooler, clear weather afterwards. |
| Warm Front | when warm air moves into an area formerly covered by cooler air |
| What type of weather would you expect from a warm front? | Drizzly rain, followed by warmer temperatures |
| Stationary front | When there is not enough wind for either cold air mass or warm air mass to keep moving, so the two air masses remain in one place. |
| What type of weather can you expect during a stationary front? | Days of unchanging weather |
| high pressure system | a large body of circulating air with high pressure at its center and lower pressure outside of the system. |
| Air sinks & warms | |
| low pressure system | a large body of circulating air with low pressure at its center and higher pressure outside of the system |
| Air rises and cools. | |
| What type of weather does high-pressure system produce? | Clear skies and calm air or gentle breezes. |
| What type of weather does low-pressure systems produce? | Rainy weather |
| Why does air move from the poles to the equator? | Because air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. At high altitudes the warmed air circles back toward the poles. |
| Jet streams | Long distance, speedy winds that travel above global winds for thousands of kilometers |
| How do jet streams flow? | In a wavy pattern from west to east. |
| Each hemisphere has what two main jet streams? | Polar and subtropical |
| Surface currents in the ocean are caused by | Winds |
| How do ocean currents influence weather? | Flow moves energy as heat from one part of Earth to another. Also can cause hurricanes and monsoons. |
| How can ocean currents lower coastal air temperatures? | If the coast is on a Cold-water current, it can cool the atmosphere which affect local temperatures. So coastal cities are cooler than inland cities. |
| How can ocean currents raise coastal air temperatures? | Coastal cities in areas where warm ocean currents flow have warmer winter temperatures than inland cities at similar latitudes. |
| Global wind patterns occur as, due to temperature differences, air ___________________ at the poles and ___________________ at the equator. | Sinks; rises |
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