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BJU Space/Earth 12

BJU - Space and Earth Science - Chapter 12 (4th edition)

DefinitionTerm
The breakdown of rock by the action of natural acids (and oxygen as well as other chemicals) dissolved in water. It is a result of chemical changes in the minerals composing the rock. chemical weathering
The process of wearing away rock and transporting sediments erosion
A process by which thin slabs or flakes of rock are removed from larger rocks by mechanical and/or chemical weathering. exfoliation
The weathering process that occurs when water standing in cracks and pores of rock expands as it freezes, widening the cracks and eventually breaking up the rock into smaller pieces. frost wedging
Any line or layer that lies flat with respect to gravity. A layer or zone of the soil that is relatively uniform in composition. horizon
Decayed organic matter in soil. It is the constituent that makes soil "rich" in nutrients. humus
The rapid movement of a mass of soil and rock downward on a steep slope. landslide
An especially fertile soil that contains about equal parts of sand and silt, about half as much clay, and a generous amount of humus. loam
The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces by the action of physical forces such as freezing water, growing plant roots, or wind-driven sand. mechanical weathering
Ideally, a mixture of sand, silt, and clay containing some humus; proportions vary depending on the source and fertility of the soil. soil
The change of state from a gas directly to a solid without becoming a liquid first. It is the opposite of sublimation. It occurs when sediment particles drop from a moving liquid to the ground or to the bottom of a body of water. deposition
A combination of chemical and mechanical weathering processes resulting either from the chemicals plants produce or from the burrowing and wedging of animals and plants that expose more rock surface to environmental weathering factors biological weathering
The transportation of rocks and soil downhill by gravity alone mass wasting
The process by which factors or conditions in the environment break rocks down into smaller pieces weathering
The orderly pattern of sediment deposition as a stream slows down and turbulence decreases. This process results in separating sediment particles having similar sizes from other sediment particles. sorting (sediment)
The removal of small clastic particles by wind over a large area, leaving behind cobbles and larger rocks that form a desert pavement deflation
Erosion of exposed rock by wind-driven sand; similar to artificial sand blasting abrasion
A hill-like landform consisting of wind-deposited sand and soil. Dunes are usually mobile and are reshaped by blowing sand. dune
A thick deposit of fine wind blown dust and silt that provides an excellent base for rich soul loess
A large mass of dense, compacted snow and ice that flows downhill under the influence of gravity. They were and a re important means of land surface erosion and deposition glacier
Sediments deposited by a glacier. Drift deposited as till is usually unsorted, but glacial meltwater can produce sorted deposits. glacial drift
Unsorted glacial sediments deposited when a glacier melts and retreats till
A sedimentary ridge or surface formed by a glacial till after a glacier melts or retreats; can form at the front of or to the side of the glacier, in the glacial valley, or where two or more glaciers merge. moraine
Any method used to prevent soil erosion; includes strip cropping, contour plowing, flood control dams, and erecting windbreaks soil conservation
Created by: marchscience
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