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Chapter 5 Vocab
Chapter 5: Cell Growth and Division
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Cycle | the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells |
| Mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
| Cytokinesis | the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
| Chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
| Histone | a group of proteins that each of your chromosomes is associated with during almost all the cell cycle |
| Chromatin | complex of protein and DNA that makes up the chromosome |
| Chromatid | one half of a duplicated chromosome |
| Centromere | a region of the condensed chromosome that looks pinched |
| Telomere | made up of repeating nucleotides that do not form genes |
| Prophase | chromatin condenses into tightly coiled chromosomes |
| Metaphase | the spindle fibers attach to a protein structure on the centromere of each chromosome and align the chromosomes along the cell equator |
| Anaphase | sister chromatids separate from each other |
| Telophase | a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell |
| Growth Factor | a broad group of proteins that simulate cell division |
| Apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| Cancer | the common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division |
| Benign | the cancer cells typically remain clustered together |
| Malignant | some of the cancer cells can break away |
| Metastasize | process of breaking away from a cell |
| Carcinogen | substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer |
| Asexual Reproduction | the production of offspring from a single parent and does not involve the joining of gametes |
| Binary Fission | the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism by which the cell divides into two cells of the same size |
| Tissue | a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function |
| Organ | groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions |
| Organ System | organs that carry out similar functions |
| Cell differentiation | the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function during multicellular development |
| Stem Cell | unique type of body cell that can divide and renew themselves for long periods of time, remain undifferentiated in form, and differentiate into a variety of specialized cell types. |
Created by:
SavanahT
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