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Unit 2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alleles | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| autosomes | Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells. |
| benign | (of a disease) not harmful in effect. |
| Centromere | The centromere appears as a constricted region of a chromosome |
| chromatid | A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division. |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. |
| deletion mutation | A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA. |
| DNA | The molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism. |
| dominant allele | the relationship between two versions of a gene. I |
| eukaryotic | any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus. - red blood cell |
| Familial Hypercholesterolemia | a genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 250 people and increases the likelihood of having coronary heart disease at a younger age. |
| frameshift mutation | An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence. |
| gene | The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child. |
| genome | The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism. |
| genotype | he genetic makeup of an organism; |
| gestational diabetes | a condition in which a hormone made by the placenta prevents the body from using insulin effectively. |
| heterozygous | The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus. |
| homologous chromosomes | Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father. |
| Homozygous | The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus. |
| insertion mutation | A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA. |
| karyotype | an individual's complete set of chromosomes. |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Image result for magnetic resonance imaging (mri) definition A procedure that uses radio waves, a powerful magnet, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. |
| malignant | A term used to describe cancer. |
| meiosis | A special form of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | A type of RNA found in cells. Messenger RNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins. |
| metastasis | The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body. |
| mitosis | Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. |
| mutation | Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. |
| Nondisjunction | the failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. |
| nucleotides | A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA). |
| pedigree | A diagram of family history that uses standardized symbols. |
| phenotype | is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism |
| plan of care | A nursing care plan provides direction on the type of nursing care the individual/family/community may need. |
| point mutation | is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a DNA or RNA sequence of an organism's genome. |
| polymerase chain reaction | a method of making multiple copies of a DNA sequence, involving repeated reactions with a polymerase. |
| prognosis | is a medical term for predicting the likely or expected development of a disease, including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen or remain stable over time |
| protein | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that have large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, |
| protein synthesis | the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes. |
| punnett square | is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. |
| recessive allele | A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual. |
| restriction enzyme | restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. |
| sex chromosomes | (in humans and other mammals) a sex chromosome, two of which are normally present in female cells (designated XX) and only one in male cells (designated XY) |
| silent mutation | are mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. |
| ultrasound imaging | uses high-frequency sound waves to view inside the body. |
Created by:
Aeris Cornwell
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