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Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autonomic nervous system | a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system consisting of nerves associated with automatic functions (ex: heartbeat, breathing) |
| axon | an elongated portion of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body of the neuron |
| brain | an organ of the central nervous system responsible for regulating conscious and much unconscious activity in the body |
| central nervous system | the portion of the vertebrate nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord |
| cerebellum | The portion of the human brain responsible for the coordination of muscular activity |
| cerebral palsy | a disorder of the human regulatory system in which the motor and speech centers of the brain are impaired |
| cerebrum | the portion of the brain responsible for thought, reasoning, sense interpretation, learning, and other conscious activities |
| dendrite | a cytoplasmic extension of a neuron that serve to detect an environmental stimulus and carry an impulse to the cell body of the neuron |
| cyton | the cell body of the neuron, which generates the nerve impulse |
| effector | -an organ specialized to produce a response to an environmental stimulus -effectors may be muscles or glands |
| interneuron | a type of neuron, located in the central nervous system, responsible for the interpretation of impulses received from sensory neurons |
| medulla | the portion of the human brain responsible for regulating the automatic processes of the body |
| meningitis | a disorder of the human regulatory system in which the membranes of the brain or spinal cord become inflamed |
| motor neuron | a type of neuron that carries command impulses from the central nervous system to an effector organ |
| nerve | a structure formed from the bundling of neurons carrying sensory or motor impulses |
| nerve impulse | an electrochemical change in the surface of the nerve cell |
| neuron | a cell specialized for the transmission of nerve impulses |
| neurotransmitter | a chemical substance secreted by a neuron that aids in the transmission of the nerve impulse to an adjacent neuron |
| peripheral nervous system | a major subdivision of the nervous system that consists of the part of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system |
| receptor | an organ specialized to receive a particular type of environmental stimulus. |
| reflex | a simple, inborn, involuntary response to an environmental stimulus |
| reflex arc | a complete path involving a series of three neurons (sensory, interneuron, and motor) working together in a reflex action |
| response | the reaction of an organism to an environmental stimulus |
| sensory neuron | a type of neuron specialized for receiving environmental stimuli, which are detected by receptor organs. |
| somatic nervous system | a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that is made up of nerves associated with voluntary actions |
| spinal cord | the part of the central nervous system responsible for reflex action as well as impulse conduction between the peripheral nervous system and the brain |
| stimulus | any change in the environment to which an organism responds |
| synapse | the gap that separates the terminal branches of one neuron from the dendrites of an adjacent neuron |
| terminal branch | a cytoplasmic extension of the neuron that transmits a nerve impulse to adjacent neurons via the secretion of neurotransmitters |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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