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Micobiology

Exam 02 - Glycolysis/Fermentation/Respiration

QuestionAnswer
What are the energy pathways? 1. glycolysis 2. fermentations 3. krebs cycle
What happens in Glycolysis? In a reaction catalyzed by enzymes, 6-C molecule splits in 2 3-C molecules, 1 which turns into the other in order to produce 2 3-C molecules (pyruvic acid). NAD is reduced to form NADH & several ATPs are produced
In glycolysis, what is the 6-Carbon molecule? Glucose
In glycolysis, Glucose splits into what 2 3-Carbon molecules? 1. PGAL 2. DHAP (DHAP turns into PGAL eventually)
In glycolysis, where & how is glucose brought in? Group transport enzymes in the cytoplasm bring glucose in
In glycolysis, at the beginning of the reaction, how many ATPs are used? 2 ATPs are used when they are broken down int 2 ADP + 2 Pi
In glycolysis, after PGAL & DHAP are produced, what happens to NAD & ADP? 1. 2 NADs are reduced (into 2 NADH) 2. 4 ADPs are reduced into 4 ATPs
What is net gain also known as? Maximum theoretical yield
In glycolysis, what is the maximum theoretical yield (net gain)? 2 ATPs and 2 NADHs
In glycolysis, how is energy obtained? Obtained from bonds of glucose in order to form the bonds of ATP - Glycolysis is the MAIN pathway for the breakdwon & gain of energy bonds in ATP
Where does glycolysis occur? In the CYTOPLASM of ALL EUKARYOTES and many BACTERIA
Are enzymes in glycolysis always present in the cell? Yes, sometimes other enzymes have to be built to break down other polysaccharides
T/F Carbons are lost in glycolysis False, NO carbons are lost
How long does glycolysis operate for? Operates untils it runs out of NAD as a coenzyme when all is converted to NADH 1. has to go somewhere else in the cell to reoxidize & then it turns into NAD for use again in glycolysis
What are the 2 major ways to reoxidize & regenerate NAD in glycolysis? 1. Fermentation 2. Respiration (if there is Electron Transport Chain)
Define fermentation 1. Happens @ level of enzymes 2. Organic molecule acceps e- and H+ from NADH, regenerates NAD (which can accept electrons in other cell reactions) 3. no further gain of ATP 4. will not involve electron transport chain
What are the fermentation types? 1. Lactic acid 2. alcohol 3. 2,3-butanediol 4. mixed-acid
Describe lactic acid fermentation Pyruvic acid is used from glycolysis, and an enzyme donates electrons & H+ to it to become lactic acid as a waste product
Which bacteria does lactic acid fermentation? 1. Streptococcus 2. Lactobacillus
Describe alcohol fermentation Pyruvic acid is used from glycolysis and turned into CO2 & acetaldehyde, which is then turned into ethanol (CO2 & ethanol are waste products)
Which bacteria does alcohol fermentation? Saccharomyces
Which bacteria does 2,3-butanediol fermentation? Enterobacter
Which bacteria does mixed-acid fermentation? 1. Escherichia 2. Salmonella
Describe respiration 1. almost always involves an inorganic electron acceptor 2. yield a LOT more ATP
Where in bacteria does respiration occur? Plasma membrane
Where in eukarya does respiation occur? Mitochondrial membrane
T/F Bacteria CAN'T run anaerobic respiration WITHOUT O2 False, bacteria CAN run anaerobic respiration WITHOUT O2
Created by: lophung
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