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Chapter 4 Vocab

Chapter 4: Cell and Energy Vocab

TermDefinition
ATP a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes
ADP a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by addition of a phosphate group.
Chemosynthesis a process by which some organisms use chemical energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules
Photosynthesis a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
Chlorophyll a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light.
Thylakoid stacks of coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments
Light-dependent Reactions capture energy from sunlight
Light-independent Reactions uses energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars.
Photosystem captures and transfers light energy to the thylakoid membranes.
Electron transport chain a series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid
ATP synthase makes ATP by adding phosphate groups to ADP when ions flow through the channel
Calvin Cycle uses carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars.
Cellular respiration releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-bases molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.
Aerobic needs oxygen to take place
Glycolysis splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP.
Anaerobic does not need oxygen to take place.
Krebs Cycle produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration
Fermentation does not make ATP but allows glycolysis to continue.
Lactic Acid what causes your muscles to “burn” during hard exercise.
Created by: SavanahT
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