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Heredity & Genetics

Heredity (DNA) & Genetics

TermDefinition
HAPLOID A cell that contains only "one copy" or set of genes (like sex cells) is said to be.....
TRAIT Is a "specific" characteristic. (Like hair and eye color).
MULTIPLE ALLELES Is when some genes have more than 2 possible alleles for a trait (Hint: like human genes for blood type).
CROSSING OVER Is the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes producing new combinations of alleles.
MEIOSIS The process where haploid sex cells are produced with half the # of chromosomes a diploid "body" cell has.
PHENOTYPE Your physical characteristics "how you look in a mirror".
POLYGENIC These "traits" are controlled by "two or more" genes.
FERTILIZATION Takes place when male and female reproductive cells join.
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT Genes that segregate (separate) independently and do not influence each other's inheritance.
TETRAD Contains 4 chromatids.
DIPLOID A cell that contains 2 copies or both sets of chromosomes (1 from each parent).
SEGREGATION An example is when an allele for tallness is separated from the allele for shortness.
GENETICS Known as the study of heredity.
HOMOZYGOUS Organisms that have two "identical alleles" for a particular trait.
ALLELE Represents the "different" forms of a gene. (T-vs-t)
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE Where one allele is not completely dominant over the other. (Red + White = Pink flower)
HETEROZYGOUS Organisms that have two "different alleles" for the same trait are said to be...
GENOTYPE Your "genetic makeup".
GENE A chemical factor that determines a trait.
GENE MAP Shows the location of a variety of genes on a chromosome.
PUNNETT SQUARE Diagram that shows gene combinations that result from a genetic cross.
TRUE BREEDING Is when plants are allowed to self-pollinate and produce babies identical to themselves.
HOMOLOGOUS A chromosome that has a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex
PROBABILITY The "likelihood" or "chance" that a particular event (or trait) will occur.
CODOMINANCE Where both of the different alleles contribute to an organisms phenotype (No blending).
HYBRID The babies (offspring) of crosses between parents with "different" traits are called...
GAMETE A sex cell (sperm or an egg).
MITOSIS The cell nucleus divides, and the chromosomes separate into the 2 nuclei of the 2 newly formed cells.
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