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Bio CH 11
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | sex cell |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| principle of dominance | Mendel's second conclusion which states that some alleles are dominant and and others are recessive |
| trait | a genetically determined characteristic. |
| hybrid | the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties. |
| segregation | the separation of pairs of alleles at meiosis and their independent transmission via separate gametes. |
| gene | a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
| gamete | a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
| probability | the extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case |
| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| punnett square | a diagram used to determine what genes an organism gets |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| independent | free from outside control; not depending on another's authority. |
| phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| assortment | a miscellaneous collection of things or people |
| incomplete dominance | Incomplete dominance results from a cross in which each parental contribution is genetically unique and gives rise to progeny whose phenotype is intermediate. |
| multiple allele | The presence of three or more alleles for a given gene is referred to as multiple alleles. Different or opposing variations of a gene are known as alleles. |
| polygenic trait | A polygenic trait is a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes. |
| codominance | the state of being one of two different alleles that are fully expressed in a heterozygous individual: The AB blood group in humans, in which both the A and B alleles are equally expressed, is a classic example of codominance. |
| homologous | having the same relation, relative position, or structure. |
| tetrad | a group or set of four. |
| diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
| crossing-over | when chromosomes cross over from one organism to the next |
| haploid | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| zygote | a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum. |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
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