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Science Mitosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Do cells have a size limit? | Yes |
| What happens when cells reach their size limit? | stop growing and then divide |
| What is the maximum diameter of most cells? | 100 µm |
| What is the key factor that limits the size of a cell? | Surface area to volume ratio |
| What determines the amount of food and nutrients that a cell can take in and the amount of products and wastes that a cell can expel? | surface area of cell membrane |
| What term refers to the amount of space on the inside of the cell that needs food and nutrients and makes products and wastes? | volume of inside of cell |
| If a cell were in the shape of a cube, what is the equation for calculating the surface area of the cell membrane? | lxwx6 |
| If the cell were in the shape of a cube, what is the equation for calculating the volume of the cell? | lxwxh |
| What happens to the surface area as the cell grows? | Increases by a square |
| What happens to the volume as the cell grows? | Increases by a cube |
| What happens to the surface area : volume ratio as the cell grows? | it decreases to the point that the cell would starve |
| Which is more efficient for the cell: a high surface area to volume ratio or a low surface area to volume ratio? | high |
| Cells need to stay small to take in ______________, eliminate ________________, allow ____________ and __________________ to occur more efficiently, and to allow for cellular _______________________ to occur effectively. | food/nutrients,wastes/products,diffusion,transport,communication |
| The life time of a cell is referred to as the _______________________. | Life cycle |
| The original cell before it divides is called the _________________ cell. | parent |
| The two cells that are produced during cell division are called the ________________ cells. | daughter |
| Are the two daughter cells identical to each other? ________ Are they identical to the parent cell? ___________ | Yes and Yes |
| s cellular division/reproduction: asexual or sexual? | Asexual |
| What is the purpose of continuous cellular division beside limiting the size of the cell? | growth and repair |
| What is another name for body cells such as hair cells, skin cells, and muscle cells that undergo cellular division? | somatic cells |
| What does replicated mean? | make a copy of / duplicate |
| What is DNA? | deoxyribonucleic acid – genetic material |
| What is the name of one unduplicated chromosome? | chromatid |
| What is the name of each part of a duplicated chromosome? | sister chromatid |
| What holds two sister chromatids together in a duplicated chromosome? | centromere |
| Chromatin, chromatids, and chromosome are just three forms of | DNA-genetic material |
| Name the three main stages of the cell cycle (life of a cell): | interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis |
| During which stage is the cell growing, replicating DNA, and carrying on its normal function? | interphase |
| During which stage does the nucleus divide? | mitosis |
| During which stage does the cytoplasm divide producing two new cells? | cytokinesis |
| Write the following stages of the cell cycle in the correct order that they occur: cytokinesis, interphase, mitosis, anaphase, telophase, G1, prophase, G2, metaphase and S. | Interphase,G1(Gap one), S (Synthesis), G2(Gap Two), mitosis, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis |
| What holds the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome together? | centromere |
| A pair of centrioles is called a _________ | centrosome |
| Opposite sides of a cell are called _______ | poles |
| An imaginary line down the middle of the cell is called the ______________ | equator or metaphase plate |
| The threadlike form of genetic material is called __________________ | chromatin |
| At the poles, the centrioles with microtubules called spindle fibers radiating out to form the spindle is called an ____________ | aster |
| The spindle fibers of microtubules attach to the __________________ of the chromosomes to move the chromosomes around. | kinetochore of the centromere |
| division of the nucleus | Mitosis |
| replication of the genetic material | S (Synthesis) |
| first period of normal growth of the cell | G1 (Gap one) |
| second period of normal growth of the cell | G2 (Gap two) |
| division of the cytoplasm producing two new cells | Cytokinesis |
| chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell | Metaphase |
| sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles | Anaphase |
| chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nucleolus and nucleus disappear as nuclear membrane breaks down, centrioles begin separating and moving to opposite poles forming the spindle and asters | Prophase |
| sister chromatids are at opposite poles, nuclear membranes begin to reform, cleavage furrows or cell plates begin to form | Telophase |
| period of growth, rest, and genetic material duplication | Interphase |
| Do plant cells have centrioles and asters? | no |
| What does the G in G1 and G2 represent? | Gap |
| What is the name of the thread-like form on genetic material during interphase? | chromatin |
| What is the name of the period between prophase and metaphase in which the kinetochore proteins form on the Centromeres for the spindle fibers to attach to later? | prometaphase |
| What is another name for the middle of the cell? | Metaphase plate |
| What forms in animal cells to divide the cytoplasm to form two new daughter cells during cytokinesis? | cleavage furrow |
| What forms in plant cells to divide the cytoplasm to form two new daughter cells during cytokinesis? | cell plate |
| What Is the name of the proteins that make up the signaling molecules that regulate the cell cycle? | cyclins |
| What Is the name of the proteins that make up the signaling molecules that regulate the cell cycle? | CDKs (cyclin dependent kinases) |
| Signaling molecules at the beginning of G1, S, and mitosis initiate the ________________ of the cell cycle, DNA __________________, and __________________ division. | Start,replication,nuclear |
| Where are the four checkpoints that check for DNA damage and other mistakes before the cell proceeds to the next step of the cell cycle: end of __________, during ______, end of _______, and during __________. | G1, S, G2 |
| Cells spend the majority of their time in which stage of the cell cycle? | interphase |
| Uncontrolled cell division is called __________ | cancer |
| Give two examples of apoptosis: ______________ | creating human embryo webbing between digits disappears, tree leaves fall off in the winter. |
| Are most cells in multicellular organisms: specialized or unspecialized? | Specialized |
| An unspecialized (undifferentiated) cell in embryos and adults are called _________________ cells. | stem |
| Stem cells may help __________________ cancer and diseases. | cure |
| Substances that increase the risk of cancer are called _______ | carcinogens |
| Programmed cell death is called __________ | apoptosis |
Created by:
alwalker
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