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BIO 169 Chapter 18

TermDefinition
Intercellular Communication Homeostasis maintained through cellular coordination
4 Mechanisms of intercellular communication 1. Direct communication 2. Paracrine communication 3. Endocrine communication 4. Autocrine communication
Synaptic communication Neurons release neurotransmitters at a synapse. Localized and fast communication
Target cells are the destination for hormones
Hormones are either Protein Based or Lipid Based
Protein Based Amino acid derivatives Peptide hormones
Lipid Based Lipid derivatives Steroid Hormones
Biogenic amines Small molecules structurally related to amino acids
Two amino acid derivatives Derivatives of tyrosine and Derivatives of tryptophan
Derivatives of tyrosine Thyroid hormones Catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine
Derivatives of tryptophan Serotonin and melatonin
Peptide Hormones Chains of amino acids 1. Glycoproteins 2. Short-chain polypeptides 3. Small proteins
Glycoproteins Proteins that have carbohydrate side chains
Short-chain polypeptides ADH and OXT
Small proteins Insulin, Growth hormone, Prolactin
Lipid Derivatives Eicosanoids and steroid hormones
Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid Paracrines, Leukotrienes, and Prostaglandins
Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol Androgens, Estrogens, progesterone, Corticosteroids, and Calcitriol
The Pituitary Gland Hormones then enter bloodstream through fenestrated capillaries (fenestra = window)
Hypophyseal Portal System Two capillary beds connected by Portal vessels and an entire complex is a portal system
hypothalamic regulatory hormones Releasing hormones (RH) and Inhibiting hormones (IH)
Releasing hormones (RH) Stimulate synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones at anterior lobe
Inhibiting hormones (IH) Prevent synthesis and secretion of hormones from anterior lobe
Created by: Erik O
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