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2.7 Translation

QuestionAnswer
codon triplet of bases on mRNA encoding for a specific amino acid
direction mRNA is read at ribosome 5’ to 3’
universal start codon AUG
3 stop codons UGA, UAG, UAA
role of tRNA transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome and pairs anticodon with mRNA codon during translation
structure of tRNA folds and loops with an anticodon
anticodon complements codon on mRNA
charged tRNA molecule aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase binds an amino acid to an ATP molecule
change between mRNA and tRNA bases mRNA codons are complem to tRNA antico
change between tRNA and antisense DNA same
significance of complementary base pairing mRNA and tRNA = complementary tRNA and DNA antisense = same
function of a ribosome synthezises proteins
structure of a ribosome made of proteins and rRNA, small and large subunit
free vs bound ribosome Free ribosomes are used for proteins inside cell and found in cytoplasm. Bound ribosomes are for exported proteins and attached to rough ER.
translation synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes
location of translation ribosome
steps of translation initiation, elongation, translocation, termination
Initiation -5’ end of mRNA binds to small subunit and searches for AUG -complementary tRNA molecule arrives at P site
polyribosomes
universality
degenerate
human insulin in bacteria
environment of gene expression
Elongation -2nd tRNA brings amino acid to A site -amino acid in P site forms peptide bond to amino acid in A site
Translocation -mRNA continues to be read -tRNA brings additional amino acids -uncharged tRNA exits -line shifts -repeat
Termination -stop codon -release factor hydrolyzes bond between polypeptide chain and tRNA in P site -polypeptide chain released and ribosome disassembled
Created by: luciepike
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