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The Central Dogma
Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What's considered to be the instruction manuel? | DNA |
| What is a gene? | Code for DNA to build proteins |
| How many different genes do we have in our bodies? | 20,000 |
| What is considered to be the bridge of information? | RNA |
| What sugar is RNA made of? | Ribose |
| What are the four bases of RNA? | Guanine, Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine |
| What does Dogma stand for? | Something believed to be true |
| What is the Central Dogma? | Bringing DNA to proteins |
| What is mRNA | Messenger RNA |
| What is tRNA | Transfer RNA |
| What is protein production start with? | Copying DNA instructions to RNA |
| What is Transcription? | Copying one segment of DNA into mRNA |
| When does Transcription begin? | When the enzyme RNA polymerase finds the gene that needs to be copied |
| What unzips the DNA during Transcription? | RNA polymerase |
| What is a terminator? | The end of a gene |
| Transcription only involves what? | RNA |
| How many strands are copied? | One strand |
| What are RNA and DNA made of? | Nucleotides |
| What are proteins made of? | Amino acids |
| How long are mRNA "words"? | 3 letters (3 codon) |
| What is a codon? | A set of 3 bases in RNA (Total of 64 codons) |
| How many codes are in amino acids? | 61 codes |
| How many stop codons are used to end translation? | 3 codons |
| AUG is what? | Start codon |
| What is transfer RNA responsible for? | Reading and translating codons |
| What is an anticodon? | The opposite of a codon so that it can base pair with it |
| Where is the attachment site? | The amino acid |
| What are ribosomes made of? | A small subunit and a large subunit |
| What is a small subunit? | Binds to mRNA |
| What is the large subunit? | tRNA match anti codons to mRNA |
| When does initiation start? | When mRNA finds the small subunit of the ribosome |
| What happens when the tRNA comes in? | The large subunit of the ribsosome attaches |
| What happens first in Elongation? | tRNA comes into the ribosome |
| What happens to the amino acid on top of tRNA? | It breaks of and attaches to the amino acid |
| What happens when you have a stop code? | Everything falls of and becomes a protein? |
| What is a mutation? | The change in nucleotide sequences in DNA |
| What can mutations be caused by? | Errors in DNA replication |
| What can mutations cause? | Genetic diseases |
| Where can mutations occur? | Body cells or gametes |
| What is a substitution? | When nucleotides are replaced instead of another and it changes one codon |
| What are three effects of point mutation? | Silence, missense, and nonsense |
| What is a silent mutation? | A change that has no effect |
| What is a missense mutation? | Mutation that forms poorly functioning or misfunctioning proteins |
| What is a nonsense mutation? | A mutation that does not form a functional protein and is often caused by an early stop codon |
| What is a frameshift mutation? | Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides which changes the reading frame |
| What happens after a frameshift mutation? | Every amino acid after an insertion or deletion will be wrong |
| What is an example of a frameshift mutation? | The fat cat ate the rat - The fat caa tat eth era t. |
Created by:
TiaD
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