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WJ Honors Bio AG R2
Sex-Linked Traits, Pedigrees & Karyotypes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sex-linked traits are traits that are located on the _____________ chromosome. | X chromosome |
| Females have two ______ chromosomes and males have one ____ and one _____ chromosome. | female = 2 X male = 1 X & 1Y |
| Morgan’s experiments with _________________________ (name of organism) in the early 1900’s led to the discovery of sex-linked traits. | fruit flies |
| A female hemophilia (recessive sex-linked disorder) carrier wonders if her daughter could have the disease. Her husband does not. Use a Punnett square to show probability that their daughter will/will not inherit the disorder. State parent genotypes. | Daughter will not have the disease, but could be a carrier. Mom's genotype = X X Dad's genotype = X Y |
| Colorblindness = recessive sex-linked trait. If normal sighted woman with colorblind father marries a colorblind man, state probability they will have a son/daughter who is colorblind? Use Punnett square to support your answer. State parent genotypes. | 50% chance colorblind son / 50% chance colorblind daughter Mom's genotype = X X Dad's genotype = X Y |
| A _________________ is a family tree that records and traces the occurrence of a trait in a family. | pedigree |
| In pedigrees, what is used to represent males, females, an affected individual, and a carrier? | males = squares females = circles affected individual = shaded/colored carrier = half shaded/colored |
| What is a carrier? | individual with one copy of allele for recessive disorder but does not show symptoms of disorder |
| Can males be carriers of an X-linked trait? Explain your answer. | Males can be carriers because the recessive gene can be passed from mother to son on the X chromosome. |
| Indicate whether the pattern of inheritance listed below is typical of an autosomal dominant condition (AD), autosomal recessive condition (AR), and/or a sex-linked recessive (SLR)condition. --> The trait is generally seen in every generation. | AD |
| Indicate pattern of inheritance listed below as (AD), (AR), and/or(SLR) --> The trait is seen more often in males than females | SLR |
| Indicate pattern of inheritance listed below as (AD), (AR), and/or(SLR) --> Males & females have the condition with equal frequency. | AR |
| Indicate pattern of inheritance listed below as (AD), (AR), and/or(SLR) --> The trait often skips a generation. | AR |
| Indicate pattern of inheritance listed below as (AD), (AR), and/or(SLR) --> Two unaffected parent carriers have a son or daughter with the condition. | AR |
| Indicate pattern of inheritance listed below as (AD), (AR), and/or(SLR) --> 2 unaffected parents (mom is carrier) have an affected SON. | SLR |
| Indicate pattern of inheritance listed below as (AD), (AR), and/or(SLR). --> Condition occurs most when affected gene is passed from mother to son. No father to son transmission. All daughters of affected fathers are carriers | SLR |
| A ______________ is a display of the chromosomes of an individual arranged in homologous pairs. Humans have _______ chromosomes, or ______ pairs. | karyotype Humans = 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs |
| How many autosomes (not sex cells) are present in a normal human karyotype? | 44 (22 pairs) |
| How many sex chromosomes are present in a normal human karyotype? | 2 (1 pair) |
| Identify the name of the condition that results from an extra chromosome number 21. Then,explain what happens during meiosis that results in this condition. | Down Syndrome --> caused by homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids not separating in meiosis (called "nondisjunction") |
| Identify the name of the condition where an individual has two X chromosomes in addition to the Y chromosome. What are some characteristics of this condition? | Klinefelter's Syndrome --> men often sterile & often display female characteristics (e.g. breasts). |
| Identify the name of the condition where an individual has only one X chromosome and no Y chromosome. What are some characteristics of this condition? | Turner Syndrome --> women have sex organs but organs do not mature @ puberty; usually sterile |
| An organism that has more than two complete sets of homologous chromosomes is _____________ | polyplodic |
| Name one advantage of polyploidy. | less chance of being affected by a dangerous recessive allele; increase genetic diversification (in plants) |
| Name one disadvantage of polyploidy. | Complications in cell division may occur (too many chromosomes). |
Created by:
skurdoo
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