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PHARMACOLOGY
Adverse Effects, Toxicity, Antidotes & Drug Levels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extra Pyramidal Syndrome Symptoms | Acute Dystonia, Akathisia, Parkinsonism, Tardive Dyskinesia |
| Acute Dystonia symptoms | Involuntary muscle contractions/spasms of face, tongue, neck, back |
| Akathisia symptoms | Restlessness |
| Parkinsonism symptoms | Stooped Posture, shuffling, rigid gait, bradykinesia, tremors |
| Tardive Dyskinesia symptoms | Stiff/Jerk/Uncontrollable Movements |
| Thiocyanate Toxicity Symptoms | Disorientation, delirium, or psychotic behavior |
| Anticholinergic Effects | Dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, tachycardia, constipation, urinary hesitancy ARE |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) | Lead Pipe Rigidity, BP changes, dysrhythmias, seizures, coma, death are symptoms of |
| Serotonin Syndrome | Agitation, restlessness, dilated pupils, loss of muscle control, shivering, and goosebumps are symptoms of |
| Hypertensive Crisis Symptoms | Severe headache, tachycardia, hypertension, confusion, stroke, death are symptoms of |
| Withdrawal Syndrome Symptoms | Dizziness, sensory disturbances, tremors, anxiety, dysphoria are symptoms of |
| Cinchonism | Tinnitus, headache, nausea, vertigo, disturbed vision |
| Angioedema | SOB, itching, facial swelling, dizziness |
| Bruxism | Clenching/Grinding of teeth |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | Flu-like symptoms, with painful red or purplish rash |
| Salicylate Toxicity Symptoms | tinnitus, sweating, headache, dizziness, tachycardia, agitation, hallucinations, convulsions |
| Agranulocytosis | Reduced WBC count from psychotropic meds |
| Rhabdomyolysis | Muscle breakdown |
| Myelosuppression | Suppressed bone marrow |
| Lithium Toxicity Symptoms | fine hand tremors, mild GI upset, slurred speech, muscle weakness, leads to confusion |
| Opioids/Narcotics | Naloxone (Narcan) |
| Warfarin | Vitamin K |
| Heparin | Protamine Sulfate |
| Digoxin | Digiband |
| Anticholinergics | Physostigmine |
| Benzodiazepines | Flumazenil (Romazicon) |
| Cholinergics | Atropine (Atropen) |
| Acetaminophen | Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) |
| Magnesium Sulfate | Calcium Gluconate |
| Iron Toxicity | Deferoxamine |
| Lead Toxicity | Succimer or Calcium Disodium Edetate |
| Alcohol Withdrawal | Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) |
| Beta Blockers | Glucagon |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Glucagon, Insulin, or Calcium |
| Aspirin | Sodium Bicarbonate |
| Insulin Reactions | Glucagon |
| Pyridoxine | Deferoxamine |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | Sodium Bicarbonate |
| Cyanide Poisoning | Hydroxocobalamin |
| DIGOXIN Drug Level | 0.5-2 ng/mL |
| LITHIUM Drug Level | 0.6-1.2 mEq/L |
| THEOPHYLLINE Drug Level | 10-20 mcg/dL |
| DILANTIN (PHENYTOIN) Drug Level | 10-20 mg/L |
| MAGNESIUM SULFATE Drug Level | 4-7 mg/dL |
| GENTAMICIN Drug Level | 5-10 mcg/mL |
| VALPORIC ACID Drug Level | 50-100 mcg |
| PHENOBARBITAL Drug Level | 15-40 mcg/mL |
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