Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
spiro
Stack #37406
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name the 4 important genera of spirochaetales | treponema, brachyspira, borrelia, leptospira |
| describe the structure of spirochetes | helical, long, slender |
| describe the motility apparatus of spirochetes | protoplasmic cylinder, flagella, sheath |
| what is the primary structure associated with locomotion of spirochetes | sheath not flagella |
| what makes up the outer sheath of the spirochete | peptidoglycan |
| what characteristic is unique to borrelia | requires an insect vector |
| how does leptospira move | rotation around central axis, flexing and translational, undulatory movement |
| describe the movement of brachyspira/treponema | rotation and majestic translational movement and stiff flexion |
| describe the movement of borrelia | frequent reversal of translational movement, cork screw like and lashing |
| order of staining affinity with giemsa stain of spirochetes | borrelia > lbrachyspira/treponema > leptospira |
| all 4 genera of spirochetes have 3 of the same microscopic characteristics, what are they | all are visible by dark field, silver impregnation, and FA technique |
| all but one genera of spirochete reacts with dilute carbol fuchsin (DCF) stain, which one is it | leptospira |
| what characteristic is made visible by use of dark field microscope when dealing with spirochetes | motility |
| what does treponema cause in man | syphillus |
| habitat of treponema/brachyspira | obligate parasites of alimentary and genital tracts |
| cultural characteristics of treponema/brachyspira | anaerobic with CO2, slow growing |
| is it easy or difficult to culture treponema/brachyspira | difficult |
| what does the genera brachyspira cause in pigs | swine dysentery |
| what 3 spp of brachyspira make up the swine dysentery complex | B hyodysenteriae, B pilosicoli, B innocens |
| of the 3 brachyspira spp causing swine dysentery, which is most pathogenic and which is least pathogenic | B hyodysenteriae > B pilosicoli > B innocens |
| where does brachyspira manifest itself in the pig | large intestine |
| describe the dz of swine dysentery | chronic, wt loss |
| what is the case fatality rate of swine dysentery | up to 50% |
| describe the feces of a pig infected with swine dysentery | loose/pasty, gray to black, mucus, blood |
| what is the role of B pilosicoli in swine dysentery | porcine colonic spirochetosis |
| what is porcine colonic spirochetosis | minor version of swine dysentery, renders diarrhea and wasting |
| what kind of dz is swine dysentery | production dz |
| what is the causitive agent of "hairy footwart" | Treponema brennaborense |
| what is another name for "hairy footwart" | bovine PDD, papilomatous digital dermatitis |
| what type of environmental conditions is T brennaborense associated with | wet conditions |
| what does T paraluiscuniculi cause in rabbits | "vent dz" and syphilis |
| what is the causitive agent of vent dz and what spp does it effect | treponema paraluiscuniculi, affects rabbits |
| what are the signs of vent dz and syphilis in rabbits | venereal infection, loss of hair, scabs |
| what are the sources of swine dysentery | PIGS, dogs, mice, guinea pigs, birds |
| which two sources of swine dysentery are most important and why | Pigs (natural host) and Mice (keep it going) |
| how is swine dysentery transmitted | fecal oral |
| how long is swine dysentery shed for | 3m to long term |
| after shedding, can brachyspira spp survive outside the host | yes |
| does brachyspira spread slow or fast within a population | slowly |
| is the spread of brachyspira in populations correlated to its rate of growth in the laboratory | yes, slow spread and slow growth |
| what are the lab diagnostics used on brachyspira | direct microscopy, FAT, histopathology, herd serology, culture |
| what is the best lab diagnostic for brachyspira? worst | FAT is best bc it distiguishes and culture is least bc of its slow growth |
| what is the tx for brachyspira/treponema | organic arsenicals, antibacterials |
| how would you control swine dysentery | minimize fecal contact, strategic drugs, reputable breeders |
| are vaccines available for swine dysentery | no |
| does swine dysentery occur in SPF pigs | ???help |
| how is borrelia transmitted | by blood sucking arthropods |
| what are the 2 phases of borreliosis | blood-borne phase and localization in tissues |
| what does borrelia anserina cause in chickens | avian spirochetosis |
| what ticks transmit avian spirochetosis | Argas spp |
| is avian spirochetosis a dz of young or old | more serious in young |
| signs and symptoms of avian spirochetosis | fever, depression, anorexia, diarrhea |
| what is the case fatality rate of avian spirochetosis | up to 99% |
| causitive agent of lyme disease | borrelia burgdorferi |
| what ticks transmit borrelia burgdorferi | Ixodes spp |
| what is the reservior for borrelia burgdorferi | rodents |
| in what animals does borrelia burgdorferi cause dz | MAN, DOG, cattle, horse |
| what are symptoms of dogs infected with borrelia burgdorferi | fever, leth, arthritis, kidney/heart/CNS dz |
| what is another name for lyme disease in dogs | shifting leg lameness |
| what is the typical skin reaction associated with b burgdorferi in man | bullseye |
| what are the signs of dz in man due to b burgdorferi | stiffness, headache, increased LN, joints, heart, CNS |
| what are the signs and symptoms associated with cattle and horse infected with b burgdorferi | arthritis, uveitis, encephalitis, laminitis |
| what does b theileri cause in bovine | "bovine spirochetosis" |
| what does b coriaceae cause in the bovine | epizootic bovine abortion |
| what tick transmitts b coriaceae | ornithodoros spp |
| what dx techniques are used to dx borrelia | stained smears, wet preps |
| what is the tx for borrelia | antibacterials |
| how is control and prevention of borrelia achieved | tick control and vaccines |
| describe the specific morphology of leptospira spp | hooked at ends, too slender for bright field microscopy |
| where are leptospira most commonly found | urine |
| what 2 things may be added to make leptospira visible | silver impregnate or immunofluoresence |
| what WERE the 2 species of leptospira | L interrogans and L biflexa |
| is L interrogans parasitic or saprophytic | parasitic |
| is L biflexa parasitic or saprophytic | saprophytic |
| what is the common species of leptospira now | L interrogans |
| how many serovars and serogroups are there of parasitic leptospires | 250+ serovars in 23 serogroups |
| what does leptospira and salmonella have in common besides the fact they are cool | both are divided into serogroups |
| in the naming of leptospira spp, what is the species named after | serovar=species name |
| what is the habitat of leptospira...be specific jackass | kidneys of preferred hosts |
| describe the dz severity in incidental vs preffered hosts | more dz in incidental host than in the preffered host |
| what is the atmospheric condition of leptospira | aerobic |
| describe the media requirements of leptospira | fastidious wrt long chain fatty acids |
| what can be said about the antigens of leptospira | complex but important for identification |
| antigens of leptospira are ------ specific | antigens are genus specific |
| how are antigens divided in terms of groupings | serogroups and serovars |
| serogroups are ----- ------ antigens | serogroups are shared major antigens |
| serovars are ------- -------- antigens and give leptospira species their ------ | serovars are different minor antigens and give leptospira its species name |
| describe the host range of leptospiras serovars | serovars have limited host ranges |
| T/F leptospira spp use urease in their pathogenicity | False! No UREASE |
| what serovars of leptospira cause milk drop and abortions in cattle | serovars hardjo and pomona |
| what causes "milk drop" (agalactia) | leptospira serovar hardjo and leptospira serovar pomona |
| what do serovars hardjo and pomona cause in calves | hemoglobinurea and jaundice |
| are sheep commonly infected with leptospira serovars hardjo and pomona | rare |
| describe effects of leptospira serovar pomana in pigs | often inapparent, acute in young, abortions and stillbirths |
| what does leptospira serovars hardjo and pomona cause in the horse | periodic ophthalmia, uncommon |
| which leptospira spp cause acute nephritis in the dog | leptospira serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and leptospira copenhageni |
| what does leptospira canicola cause in the dog | chronic nephritis |
| why does L canicola cause chronic nephritis in teh dog | dog is natural host therefore milder clinical signs and may not even see clinical signs |
| describe leptospirosis in cats | uncommon |
| what does L icterohaemorrhagiae cause in man | Weils disease |
| describe the ID50 of leptospira in maintenance and incidental hosts | maintenance is low and incidental is high |
| describe the LD50 of leptospira in maintenance and incidental host | maintenance is high and incidental is low |
| describe the length of kidney inhabitation of leptospira in maintenance and incidental hosts | maintenance is long term and incidental is short term |
| describe the ease of transmission of leptospira to maintenance and incidental hosts | maintenance is easy and incidental is hard |
| reserviors of leptospira | wild, often rodents |
| describe the survival of leptospira outside of the host | porlonged if protected |
| how is entry to host achieved by indirect contact | mucosae and abraded skin |
| how is entry to host achieved by direct contact | bites, venereal, transplacental, insect vectors |
| describe lab diagnosis of leptospira | darkfield microscopy and fixed preps |
| why do some animals render a false negative test | more chronic = less antibody titer |
| what is the tx for leptospira | steptomycin to stop shedding and long acting tetracyclins |
Created by:
pferdyvet
Popular Biology sets